土方机械.使用电动驱动器和相关部件和系统的机械的电气安全.第1部分：一般要求

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了 ISO 6165 中定义的土方机械 (EMM) 中电气设备及其组件的一般安全要求，并涉及操作员、技术人员、服务/维护人员和旁观者的安全。 它适用于在任何频率下使用 50 V–36 kV AC rms 范围内的板载电压和 75 V–36 kV DC（包括脉动 DC 的任何重复率）的户外使用机器。 它适用于低压和高压，除非表明其仅适用于高压或低压设备。 设备内发生的电压不被视为板载电压，因此不在其范围内。 注 1：特殊考虑通常适用于频率大于 30 kHz 的情况。 如果参考标准仅限于低于 EMM 使用频率的频率，则用户有责任评估风险并适当解决这些风险。 本文件涵盖了当机械按预期使用或在制造商合理预见的误用条件下使用时，与土方机械电压范围相关的所有重大危险、危险情况和危险事件。 它规定了消除或减少调试、操作和维护过程中因重大危险、危险情况或危险事件而产生的风险的适当技术措施。 它不适用于其发布日期之前制造的机器。 它旨在与 ISO 14990-2 和 ISO 14990-3 结合使用，其中给出了特定于机器电源的规定，这些规定优先于本文件所涵盖机器的要求。 对于多用途机械，ISO 14990 的所有部分均适用，其要求涵盖机器的功能和应用。 尽管本文件解决了与土方机械中使用低压或高压电气系统相关的大多数危险，但由于可能存在其他电气危险，因此遵守本文件不能被视为电气安全的绝对保证。 附件 A 中的重大危险清单中包含了关注的领域。 本文件规定了对车载发电机的要求，这些发电机与其他低压系统电气隔离，并作为安装在 EMM 上的通用插座的电源，以及变压器或用于通用插座的逆变电源。 注 2：当地或地区要求也可能适用于通用插座布置。 尽管标称 12 V 和 24 V（交流发电机/电池）系统未得到解决，但满足一些要求（包括 PELV 的要求）将确保低压系统与 12 V 和 24 V 系统充分隔离。 本文件不涉及与爆炸性环境相关的风险，这些风险有时会出现在采矿和其他 EMM 应用中。 1 [外文原描述]： ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies general safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated into earth-moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165, and addresses the safety of operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders. It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the ranges of 50 V?36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V?36 kV DC ? including any repetition rate of pulsating DC ? intended for outdoor use. It is applicable to both low and high voltages, except where its applicability to high- or low-voltage equipment only is indicated. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. NOTE 1 Special considerations typically apply at frequencies greater than 30 kHz. Where reference standards are limited to frequencies below those used on the EMM, it is the responsibility of the user to assess the risks and address them appropriately. ISO 14990-1:2016 covers all significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events relevant to the voltage range for earth-moving machinery within its scope when the machinery is used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events during commissioning, operation, and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-2 and ISO 14990-3, which give provisions specific to the machine's power source that take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines covered. For multipurpose machinery, all those parts of ISO 14990 are applicable whose requirements cover the functions and applications of the machine. Even though this document addresses most hazards associated with the use of low- or high-voltage electrical systems in earth-moving machines, owing to the possible presence of additional electrical hazards, conformance with it cannot be taken as an absolute guarantee of electrical safety. Areas of concern are included in the list of significant hazards found in Annex A. ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies requirements for on-board generators, electrically isolated from other low-voltage systems and provided as power sources for general-purpose socket outlets installed on EMMs, and transformer or inverter power sources for general-purpose socket outlets. NOTE 2 Local or regional requirements may also apply to general-purpose socket outlet arrangements. Although nominal 12 V and 24 V (alternator/battery) systems are not addressed, the meeting of some of the requirements, including those of PELV, will ensure that the low-voltage system is sufficiently isolated from 12 V and 24 V systems. ISO 14990-1:2016 does not address risks associated with explosive atmospheres, which are sometimes found in mining and other EMM applications.