航空货运设备.约束带.第2部分:使用要求和建议及捆扎计算

[中文适用范围]： 本文件旨在提供一般使用要求、建议和计算方法，以保证飞行过程中为约束民用运输飞机上货物而采取的束缚/绑扎措施的有效性和极限载荷强度：a) 货物装载并束缚在经适航批准的航空货运托盘上，托盘本身束缚在符合 ISO 8097（NAS3610）或 ISO 21100 批准的航空货运托盘约束要求的飞机下层甲板或主甲板或上层甲板货物系统中，或 b) 当托盘最大总质量或重心限制需要时，在飞机结构上进行额外束缚，或 c) 非单元化的单件货物，或放置在无约束（“浮动”）托盘上的货物，放入飞机下层甲板、主甲板或上层甲板的集装箱货舱中，或 d) 装载在非集装箱（散装）行李或货舱中的单件货物。本文件适用于仅使用符合 ISO 16049-1 的航空货物约束带的货物系紧/绑扎装置。其一般建议也可用于使用其他方式（例如钢缆、绳索、其他类型的带子）的系紧装置，但用户应负责确保其充分性和所需的强度计算。注 1 如果根据上述 b) 或 c) 将货物系紧到飞机结构上，则可在飞机管理局批准的重量和平衡手册中说明其他限制。注 2 使用链条、杆或其他刚性装置将货物系紧到民用运输飞机地板轨道上，这些装置可能会在飞机结构中产生过大的应力，因此不属于本文件的讨论范围。本文件旨在提供业界认可的方法来遵守适航当局关于民用运输飞机上负载固定的一般要求（参见 CCAR-25、JAS 第 3 部分、14 CFR 第 25 部分和 EASA CS-25），以及飞机制造商管理局批准的针对其中所述每种飞机类型的重量与平衡手册。本文件的目的不是指定何时使用约束带，而是指定如何使用。仅仅满足本文件的方法要求并不足以确保飞行安全：本文件基于这样的假设：货物系留将由有能力的、经过适当培训的人员在飞机起飞前根据符合相关飞机重量与平衡手册的适当操作说明进行设计、执行和检查，例如 ISO 9001:2015，6.2.2（见第 8 条）中定义。 [外文原描述]： This document aims at providing general utilization requirements and recommendations and calculation methods adequate to guarantee the effectiveness and ultimate load strength of tie-down/lashing arrangements performed to restrain cargo on board civil transport aircraft during flight: a) cargo loaded and tied down onto airworthiness approved air cargo pallets, themselves restrained into aircraft lower deck or main deck or upper deck cargo systems meeting the restraint requirements of air cargo pallets approved in accordance with ISO 8097 (NAS3610) or ISO 21100, or b) additional tie-down on aircraft structure when necessitated by pallet maximum gross mass or centre of gravity limits, or c) non-unitized individual pieces of cargo, or pieces of cargo placed onto an unrestrained ("floating") pallet into either lower deck, main deck or upper deck containerized cargo compartments of an aircraft, or d) individual pieces of load loaded in non-containerized (bulk loaded) baggage or cargo compartments. This document applies to cargo tie-down/lashing arrangements using exclusively air cargo restraint straps conforming to ISO 16049-1. Its general recommendations may also be used for tie-down arrangements using other means (e.g. steel cables, rope, other types of straps), but under the user's responsibility as to their adequacy and the strength calculations required. NOTE 1 Where tie-down is performed onto aircraft structure as per b) or c) above, additional restrictions can be stated in the aircraft's Authority approved Weight and Balance Manual. NOTE 2 The use of chains, rods, or other rigid devices for tie-down onto civil transport aircraft floor tracks, which can generate excessive stress in the aircraft structure, is not part of the scope of this document. . This document aims at providing industry recognized means of complying with Airworthiness Authorities general requirements applicable to load securing on board civil transport aircraft (see CCAR-25, JAS Part 3, 14 CFR Part 25 and EASA CS-25), and aircraft manufacturers Authority approved Weight and Balance Manuals for each aircraft type as specified therein. It is not the intent of this document to specify when restraint straps should be used, but how they should be used. Meeting the methods requirements of this document is not alone sufficient to ensure flight safety: this document is based on the assumption that cargo tie-down will be designed, performed, and checked prior to aircraft departure in accordance with appropriate operating instructions conforming to the Weight and Balance Manual of the aircraft concerned, by competent, suitably trained, personnel as defined for example in ISO 9001:2015, 6.2.2 (see Clause 8).