机床安全性.压力机.第1部分:一般安全要求

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了负责设计、制造和供应压力机的人员应采取的技术安全要求和措施，这些压力机用于加工冷金属或部分为冷金属的材料，但也可以以同样的方式用于加工其他板状材料（如纸板、塑料、橡胶、皮革等）。 注 1：机器的设计包括对机器本身的研究，考虑到 ISO 12100:2010，5.4 中提到的机器“寿命”的所有阶段，以及起草与上述所有阶段相关的说明。本文件中的要求考虑了 ISO 12100:2010，3.23 中定义的预期用途，以及 ISO 12100:2010，3.24 中定义的合理可预见的误用。本文件假定可从各个方向接触压力机，处理第 4 条所述机器使用寿命各个阶段的所有重大危险，并规定操作员和其他暴露人员的安全措施。注 2 所有重大危险是指在本文件发布时已确定或与压力机相关的危险。本文件适用于可独立运行的压力机，也可用作旨在集成到制造系统中的压力机的设计指南。所涵盖的压力机通过安装在滑块/冲压器上或由滑块/冲压器操作的工具或模具以机械方式传递力来切割、成型或加工冷金属或其他板材，其尺寸范围从单个操作员生产小型工件的小型高速机器到多个操作员生产大型工件的大型相对低速机器。本文件不涵盖主要设计用途为以下目的的机器：a) 通过断头台切割金属；c) 通过折弯机或折弯机弯曲或折叠；e) 转塔冲压；b) 连接紧固件，例如铆接、装订或缝合； d) 矫直； f) 挤压； g) 落锤锻造或落锤冲压； h) 金属粉末压实； i) j) 专为型材设计的单一用途冲压机，例如用于建筑行业； 点焊； k) 弯管；  1  l) 用气动锤工作。 本文件不涵盖在爆炸性环境中使用压力机的危险。 本文件涵盖与使用可编程电子系统 (PES) 和可编程气动系统 (PPS) 相关的安全要求。 本文件不适用于在其发布日期之前制造的压力机。 本文件涉及与用于加工冷金属或部分冷金属材料的压力机和辅助设备相关的常见重大危险、危险情况和事件（见第 4 条）。 本文件定义了本条款中定义的压力机的通用安全要求，应与 ISO 16092 系列的其他部分结合使用。与所用压力机类型相关的具体危险在 ISO 16092-2、ISO 16092-3 中进行了处理 [外文原描述]： ISO 16092-1:2017 specifies technical safety requirements and measures to be adopted by persons undertaking the design, manufacture and supply of presses which are intended to work cold metal or material partly of cold metal, but which can be used in the same way to work other sheet materials (e.g. cardboard, plastic, rubber, leather, etc.). NOTE 1 The design of a machine includes the study of the machine itself, taking into account all phases of the "life" of the machine mentioned in ISO 12100:2010, 5.4, and the drafting of the instructions related to all the above phases. The requirements in this document take account of intended use, as defined in ISO 12100:2010, 3.23, as well as reasonably foreseeable misuse, as defined in ISO 12100:2010, 3.24. This document presumes access to the press from all directions, deals with all significant hazards during the various phases of the life of the machine described in Clause 4, and specifies the safety measures for both the operator and other exposed persons. NOTE 2 All significant hazards means those identified or associated with presses at the time of the publication of this document. ISO 16092-1:2017 applies to presses which can function independently and can also be used as a guide for the design of presses which are intended to be integrated in a manufacturing system. The covered presses transmit force mechanically to cut, form, or work cold metal or other sheet materials by means of tools or dies attached to or operated by slides/ram in range in size from small high speed machines with a single operator producing small workpieces to large relatively slow speed machines with several operators and large workpieces. ISO 16092-1:2017 does not cover machines whose principal designed purpose is: a) metal cutting by guillotine; b) attaching a fastener, e.g. riveting, stapling or stitching; c) bending or folding by press brakes or folding machines; d) straightening; e) turret punch pressing; f) extruding; g) drop forging or drop stamping; h) compaction of metal powder; i) single purpose punching machines designed exclusively for profiles, e.g. used in the construction industry; j) spot welding; k) tube bending; l) working by pneumatic hammer. This document does not cover hazards related to the use of presses in explosive atmospheres. ISO 16092-1:2017 covers the safety requirements related to the use of programmable electronic systems (PES) and programmable pneumatic systems (PPS). ISO 16092-1:2017 is not applicable to presses which are manufactured before the date of its publication. ISO 16092-1:2017 deals with the common significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to presses and ancillary devices which are intended to work cold metal or material partly of cold metal (see Clause 4). This document defines the common safety requirements for presses defined in this clause and shall be used in connection with other parts of the ISO 16092 series. Specific hazards which are related to the type presses used are dealt with in ISO 16092‑2, ISO 16092‑3 and ISO 16092‑4.