水质 海洋环境生物降解性测定指南

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准规定了在静态水测试系统中通过需氧微生物测定海洋环境中有机化合物最终需氧生物降解性的五种方法。 为淡水测试而开发的标准降解方法经过修改并适应海洋条件。 这些方法是 DOC 消亡测试 (ISO 7827)、闭瓶测试 (ISO 10707)、两相闭瓶测试 (ISO 10708)、CO2 析出测试 (ISO 9439) 和 CO2 顶空测试 (ISO 14593）。 该方法适用于以下有机化合物： a) 在所用测试条件下是水溶性的； b) 在所用测试条件下水溶性较差，在这种情况下可能需要采取特殊措施以实现化合物的良好分散（例如参见 ISO 10634）； c) 具有挥发性，前提是在适当的条件下进行了适当的测试； d) 在测试所选择的浓度下对测试微生物没有抑制作用。 抑制作用的存在可以按照本国际标准的规定来确定。 注：本国际标准中描述的条件并不总是对应于允许最大程度的生物降解发生的最佳条件。 对于淡水中的生物降解方法，请参阅 ISO 14593 和 ISO 15462，对于低浓度的生物降解方法，请参阅 ISO 14592。 [外文原描述]： This International Standard specifies five methods for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in the marine environment by aerobic microorganisms in static aqueous test systems. Standard degradation methods developed for testing in fresh water are modified and adapted to marine conditions. These methods are the DOC die-away test (ISO 7827), the closed bottle test (ISO 10707), the two-phase closed bottle test (ISO 10708), the CO2 evolution test (ISO 9439) and the CO2 headspace test (ISO 14593). The methods apply to organic compounds which a) are water-soluble under the conditions of the test used; b) are poorly water-soluble under the conditions of the test used, in which case special measures may be necessary to achieve good dispersion of the compound (see for example, ISO 10634); c) are volatile, provided that an appropriate test with suitable conditions is used; d) are not inhibitory to the test microorganisms at the concentration chosen for the tests. The presence of inhibitory effects can be determined as specified in this International Standard. NOTE The conditions described in this International Standard do not always correspond to the optimal conditions for allowing the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur. For biodegradation methods in fresh water see ISO 14593 and ISO 15462, and for biodegradation at low concentrations see ISO 14592.