声学 - M和N类道路车辆在静止和低速运行中发出的声音测量 - 工程方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件源自ISO 362-1[2]，规定了测量M和N类道路车辆在静止和低速运行条件下发出的声音的工程方法。这些规范再现了与行人安全相关的车辆静止和低速运行条件下的主要声源产生的声音水平。该方法旨在满足简单性要求，同时保证在车辆运行条件下结果的可重复性。测试方法需要在一个广阔的开阔空间中获得声学环境。这些条件通常在以下情况下存在： - 车辆监管认证测量； - 制造阶段的测量； - 官方测试站的测量。本方法获得的结果给出了在特定测试条件下发出的声音的客观测量。需要注意的是，不同机动车辆或机动车辆类别因其声音发射而产生的主观评价（如烦扰度、可感知性和/或可检测性）并不简单地与声音测量系统的指示相关。由于烦扰度、可感知性和可检测性与个人感知、生理状态、文化和环境条件密切相关，因此存在较大差异，这些术语不适合作为描述特定车辆状况的参数。随机选择的车辆抽查很少在理想的声学环境中进行。如果在不符合本文件要求的声学环境中进行道路测量，获得的结果可能与使用指定条件获得的结果有显著偏差。此外，本文件提供了一种工程方法来测量旨在为行人提供车辆运行状况声音信息的外部声音生成系统的性能。这些信息报告为与外部声音生成系统的声压级、频率内容以及声压级和频率内容随车速变化相关的客观标准。本文件还增加了与人类感知音调响度相关的指标——心理声学音调。心理声学音调可用于通过识别每个听觉频带（临界频带）中最可听成分来估计声音的可听频率偏移，以及确定所识别的频带是否满足可听标准。附录A和附录C包含与本文件开发相关的背景信息。 [外文原描述]： This document is derived from ISO 362-1 [ 2 ] and specifies an engineering method for measuring the sound emitted by M and N category road vehicles at standstill and low speed operating conditions. The specifications reproduce the level of sound which is generated by the principal vehicle sound sources consistent with stationary and low speed vehicle operating conditions relevant for pedestrian safety. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle. The test method requires an acoustic environment which is only obtained in an extensive open space. Such conditions usually exist during the following: — measurements of vehicles for regulatory certification; — measurements at the manufacturing stage; — measurements at official testing stations. The results obtained by this method give an objective measure of the sound emitted under the specified conditions of test. It is necessary to consider the fact that the subjective appraisal of the annoyance, perceptibility, and/or detectability of different motor vehicles or classes of motor vehicles due to their sound emission are not simply related to the indications of a sound measurement system. As annoyance, perceptibility and/or detectability are strongly related to personal human perception, physiological human condition, culture, and environmental conditions, there are large variations and therefore these terms are not useful as parameters to describe a specific vehicle condition. Spot checks of vehicles chosen at random rarely occur in an ideal acoustic environment. If measurements are carried out on the road in an acoustic environment which does not fulfil the requirements stated in this document, the results obtained might deviate appreciably from the results obtained using the specified conditions. In addition, this document provides an engineering method to measure the performance of external sound generation systems intended for the purpose of providing acoustic information to pedestrians on a vehicle’s operating condition. This information is reported as objective criteria related to the external sound generation system’s sound pressure level, frequency content, and changes in sound pressure level and frequency content as a function of vehicle speed. This document adds a metric related to the human perception of tonal loudness, the psychoacoustic tonality. The psychoacoustic tonality can be used to estimate audible frequency shifts of the sounds by identifying the most audible component in each auditory frequency band (critical band), as well as to determine if the band(s) so identified meet audibility criteria. Annex A and Annex C contains background information relevant in the development of this document.