放射防护 - 特定材料的监测和内部剂量测定 - 第2部分:摄入铀化合物

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了监测暴露于摄入铀化合物风险的工人的专业计划设计的最低要求。 本文件确立了制定兼容目标和要求的原则，用于监测计划和职业暴露于内部污染的工人的剂量评估。 它建立了风险分析、监测计划和监测数据标准化解释的程序和假设，以达到铀及其化合物可接受的可靠性水平。 它对程序在剂量水平方面的适用性设定了限制，超过该剂量水平就需要应用更复杂的方法。 本文件讨论了暴露可能受到放射或化学毒性问题限制的情况。 本文件针对铀及其化合物的摄入，阐述了以下内容： a) 监测目的和监测计划； b) 不同类别监测计划的描述； c) 合适的监测方法及其选择标准； d) 为设计监测计划而收集的信息； e) 基于特殊监测计划参考水平的剂量评估程序； f) 确定监测结果重要性的标准； g) 剂量评估和生物测定数据解释产生的不确定性； h) 报告/文件； i) 质量保证； j) 记录保存要求。 不适用于下列项目： a) 铀测量方法和技术的详细描述； b) 改进内部剂量测定的建模； c) 对策的潜在影响（例如使用螯合剂）； d) 调查暴露的原因或影响； e) 吸入暴露和污染伤口的剂量测定。  [外文原描述]： This document specifies the minimum requirements for the design of professional programmes to monitor workers exposed to a risk of ingestion to uranium compounds. This document establishes principles for the development of compatible goals and requirements for monitoring programmes and dose assessment for workers occupationally exposed to internal contamination. It establishes procedures and assumptions for risk analysis, monitoring programmes and the standardized interpretation of monitoring data in order to achieve acceptable levels of reliability for uranium and its compounds. It sets limits for the applicability of the procedures in respect to dose levels above which more sophisticated methods need to be applied. This document addresses those circumstances when exposure could be constrained by either radiological or chemical toxicity concerns. This document addresses, for ingestion of uranium and its compounds, the following items: a) purposes of monitoring and monitoring programmes; b) description of the different categories of monitoring programmes; c) suitable methods for monitoring and criteria for their selection; d) information that is collected for the design of a monitoring programme; e) procedures for dose assessment based on reference levels for special monitoring programmes; f) criteria for determining the significance of monitoring results; g) uncertainties arising from dose assessment and interpretation of bioassays data; h) reporting/documentation; i) quality assurance; j) record keeping requirements. It is not applicable to the following items: a) detailed descriptions of measuring methods and techniques for uranium; b) modelling for the improvement of internal dosimetry; c) potential influence of counter-measures (e.g. administration of chelating agents); d) investigation of the causes or implications of an exposure; e) dosimetry for inhalation exposures and for contaminated wounds.