聚变装置 氚聚变设施和聚变燃料处理设施的限制和通风系统的设计和运行标准

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了用于氚燃料聚变设施和专用于使用高氚库存的和平用途聚变应用的氚燃料处理设施的封闭和通风系统的设计和运行的适用要求，以及用于热室、检查实验室、应急管理中心、放射性废物处理和储存设施等专用建筑物的封闭和通风系统。在大多数国家，氚库存高于 10 克至 100 克的范围即为氚量高。在本文件范围内的氚聚变设施中，整个场地的氚库存均高于此范围。本文件特别适用于确保核聚变核设施安全运行的封闭和通风系统，目的是保护工人、公众和环境免受这些设施运行产生的放射性污染，特别是通过适当的封闭系统免受空气中的氚污染。 ISO 26802 涵盖了针对裂变核反应堆和退役核设施的其他设施的约束系统类型。这三个标准涵盖的设施，尤其是对工人和公众构成风险的驱动因素。尽管如此，聚变设施的氚数量和风险为特定标准创造了特殊性（例如，在聚变设施中，氚是常规和事故后果的驱动因素）。因此，本文件的范围不涵盖涉及氚释放的其他设施（ISO 17873、ISO 16647 和 ISO 26802），即使这些其他设施会产生氚释放（例如，非反应堆裂变设施、氚实验室、裂变工厂的氚去除设施、氚防御设施）。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies the applicable requirements related to the design and the operation of confinement and ventilation systems for fusion facilities for tritium fuels and tritium fuel handling facilities specific for fusion applications for peaceful purposes using high tritium inventories, as well as for their specialized buildings such as hot cells, examination laboratories, emergency management centres, radioactive waste treatment and storage facilities. In most countries, a tritium quantity is declared as high for tritium inventories higher than a range of 10 g to 100 g. In the tritium fusion facilities in the scope of this document, the tritium inventory is deemed to be higher than this range for the whole site. This document applies especially to confinement and ventilation systems that ensure the safety function of nuclear facilities involved in nuclear fusion with the goal to protect the workers, the public and the environment from the dissemination of radioactive contamination originating from the operation of these installations, and in particular from airborne tritium contamination with adequate confinement systems. The types of confinement systems for other facilities are covered by ISO 26802 for fission nuclear reactors, by ISO 17873 for facilities other than fission nuclear reactors and by ISO 16647 for nuclear worksite and for nuclear installations under decommissioning. The facilities covered by these three standards, notably ISO 17873, include tritium as a radioactive material among the ones to be confined, but tritium is not their driver of the risks for workers and for members of the public. Nevertheless, the tritium quantities and risks from fusion facilities create specificities for a specific standard (e.g. in fusion facilities, tritium is the driver of routine and accident consequences). Therefore, the scope of this document does not cover the other facilities involved in tritium releases (ISO 17873, ISO 16647 and ISO 26802), even though these other facilities create tritium releases (e.g. non-reactor fission facilities, tritium laboratories, tritium removal facilities from fission plants, tritium defence facilities).