核能.索格利特式耐化学试验.高放射性废弃物用陶瓷容器的应用

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准描述了索氏模式参数测试，通过测量纯水中的初始溶解速率来评估材料的化学耐久性。 测量在水的沸点下进行，此时溶解速率比室温下高得多。 在大多数情况下，改变现象因此显着加速。 本国际标准中描述的测试旨在测量初始溶出率；因此，它仅适用于无孔材料（或具有小封闭孔隙率的材料），其主要蚀变现象是表面反应机制（扩散机制涉及多孔介质的溶解）。 因此，如果要避免严重的解释错误，则测试结果只能与无孔材料获得的结果进行比较。 由此产生的“大气压下纯沸水中的初始溶解速率”可用于比较相同类型的材料（例如氧化物），只要它们的初始溶解受相同机制（例如表面反应）控制。 该参数测试不能用于评估材料的长期行为，这通常需要多次测试、建模和验证，例如标准 ENV 12920 中所述。 该测试适用于任何玻璃、陶瓷材料（即玻璃化过程产生的材料）或无孔氧化物材料，其形态允许制备已知表面积的整体测试试样。 它通过分析浸出液并测量样品质量损失来确定材料在沸点（约100℃）的去离子水中的初始溶解速率。 [外文原描述]： ISO 16797:2004 describes the Soxhlet-mode parameter test to assess the chemical durability of materials by measuring the initial dissolution rate in pure water. The measurement is performed at the boiling point of water, at which the dissolution rate is considerably higher than at room temperature. In most cases, the alteration phenomena are therefore significantly accelerated. The test is applicable to vitrified matrixes for high-level redioactive waste. The test described in ISO 16797:2004 is intended to measure the initial dissolution rate; it is thus applicable only to nonporous materials (or materials with small, closed porosity) for which the primary alteration phenomenon is a surface reaction mechanism (diffusion mechanisms are involved in the dissolution of porous media). The test results can therefore be compared only with findings obtained for nonporous materials if serious errors of interpretation are to be avoided. The resulting "initial dissolution rate in pure boiling water at atmospheric pressure" can be used to compare materials of the same type (e.g. oxides), provided their initial dissolution is governed by the same mechanism (e.g. surface reactions). This parameter test cannot be used to assess the long-term behaviour of a material, which generally requires several tests, modelling and validation, as described, for example, in Standard ENV 12920. This test is applicable to any glass, vitrified material (i.e. material resulting from a vitrification process) or nonporous oxide material with a morphology that allows the preparation of monolithic test coupons of known surface area. It determines the initial dissolution rate of the material in deionized water at the boiling point (approximately 100 °C) by analysis of the leaching solution and by measurement of the specimen mass loss.