水质.水质分析备用试验装备法的选择和应用

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准为水分析中即用型方法的选择和应用要求提供了指导。 所谓的“即用型方法”越来越受到人们的关注，因为与标准方法相比，它们可以为分析问题提供快速且通常廉价的结果。 在某些条件下，只要结果可靠，这些方法就可以应用于水质的常规控制。 本国际标准涉及有关定量即用型方法的实际问题。 仅简要提及了用于确定即用方法和标准方法的等效性的统计评估。 由于可用的即用型方法基于不同的分析原理并且也显示出不同程度的准确度，因此它们被分为几组。 本国际标准的目的是制定何时可以应用不同类型的即用型方法来分析水样中不同参数的标准（例如饮用水、河水、工艺水、废水）以及需要采取哪些步骤来证明其适合特定应用。 即用型方法必须满足特殊要求，因为它们经常被非化学家使用。 本国际标准列出了对这些测试的生产者的要求，涉及安全和环境方面以及处理和程序描述。 对于即用型方法的用户的培训和监督也有一些要求。 [外文原描述]： ISO 17381:2003 gives guidance on the selection, and requirements for the application, of ready-to-use methods in water analysis. The so-called "ready-to-use methods" are of increasing interest because, compared to standard methods, they allow fast and often inexpensive results for analytical problems. Under certain conditions these methods can be applied in routine control of water quality, provided they give reliable results. As the available ready-to-use methods are based on different analytical principles and also show different degrees of accuracy, they are classified into several groups. The aim of ISO 17381:2003 is to set up criteria as to when the different kinds of ready-to-use methods may be applied for the analysis of distinct parameters in water samples (e.g. potable water, river water, process water, waste water) and which steps are necessary to prove their suitability for a certain application. Ready-to-use methods have to meet special requirements because they are often used by non-chemists. ISO 17381:2003 lists requirements for the producers of these tests, concerning safety and environmental aspects as well as handling and a description of the procedure. There are also several requirements concerning the training and supervision of the users of ready-to-use methods.