空间系统.材料试验的空间环境模拟.一般原理和标准

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准提供了整个太空环境组件对航天器的影响的一般描述，包括在不同外层空间区域的物理和化学过程导致材料降解的过程，以及协同效应。本国际标准定义了在材料测试期间模拟太空环境的基本原则和标准，并制定了实验室测试设备和物理及数学模型的一般要求，这些模型应用于研究太空环境对材料的影响。本国际标准的主要目的是——提供一种选择一套太空环境组件及其特性进行航天器材料测试的方法论；以及确定材料测试的一般原则和标准。此外，该方法论将有助于理解现有特定测试类型的标准在覆盖空间材料测试方面的程度，并帮助定义新标准的实际发展方向。本国际标准可作为设计航天器、预测寿命、开展地面测试和分析运行期间材料性能变化的参考文件。 [外文原描述]： ISO 17851:2016 provides a general description of the whole set of space environment components which affect spacecrafts in various outer space regions, and the physical and chemical processes causing material degradation in a space environment, including synergistic effects. This International Standard defines the most important general principles and criteria of space environment simulation during material tests, and formulates the general requirements to laboratory test facilities and to physical and mathematical models that are applied to the research of the space environment impact on materials. The basic purpose of this International Standard is to - provide a general description of the methodology in selecting a set of space environment components and their characteristics during spacecraft material tests, and - determine general principles and criteria for the tests. Additionally, such methodology will help in the understanding of the degree of coverage of space materials tests with existing International Standards on the specific test types, and help define the actual directions in developing new International Standards. ISO 17851:2016 can be applied as a reference document in designing spacecrafts, forecasting spacecraft lifetime, conducting ground-based tests, and analyzing changes in material properties during operation.