机械振动和冲击.测量从机械传向联接支撑结构的振动力.第1部分:直接法

[中文适用范围]： ISO 18312 的这一部分规定了一种评估机器或管道（以下简称机器）在运行条件下向通过螺栓接头直接连接到机器的支撑结构发出的振动功率的方法。 ISO 18312 的这一部分规定了评估笛卡尔坐标系六个自由度（即三个平移和三个旋转）发出的振动功率分量的方法。 振动功率是通过在感兴趣的操作条件下处理来自安装在螺栓接头上的力和速度（或加速度）传感器的信号来确定的。 该方法适用于假设机器的振动可以用平稳随机过程来表征的机器。 这种直接方法假设支撑结构具有足够的刚性，因此不适用于基础或支撑结构具有弹性的情况，这些情况可能会在感兴趣的频率范围内进入共振状态。 ISO 18312 的本部分规定了该方法的实际频率限制。 ISO 18312 的本部分可用于以下操作条件： a) 机器在（螺栓）接头处的振动功率发射规范； b) 振动功率严重程度的识别； c) 解决诊断问题； d) 规划振动控制措施。 [外文原描述]： This part of ISO 18312 specifies a method for evaluating the vibration power emitted by machines or pipelines, referred to hereinafter as machines, under operational conditions on to supporting structures to which the machines are directly connected via bolted joints. This part of ISO 18312 specifies the method for evaluating the vibration power components emitted in the six degrees of freedom of a Cartesian coordinate system at each joint, i.e. three translations and three rotations. The vibration power is determined by processing the signals from force and velocity (or acceleration) transducers mounted on to the bolted joints under operational conditions of interest. This method is applicable for machines under the assumption that their vibration can be characterized by a stationary random process. The components of emitted vibration power in the frequency domain are obtained by computing the cross‑spectrum of the force and velocity measurement pairs with a given narrow band width at each bolted joint. This direct method assumes that the supporting structures are adequately rigid and, hence, it is not applicable to cases where the foundation or supporting structures are resilient, which will potentially go into a state of resonance within the frequency range of interest. Practical frequency limits of the method are specified in this part of ISO 18312. This part of ISO 18312 can be used in operational conditions for: a) specification of vibration power emission of machines at the (bolted) joints; b) identification of vibration power severity; c) resolving diagnostics issues; d) planning vibration control measures.