土壤质量取样第301部分:现场调查中挥发性有机化合物的取样和现场半定量测定

[中文适用范围]： 本文件针对现有 ISO 18400 系列中未明确涵盖的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 现场调查中的土壤采样和半定量测量提供了具体要求和建议。此外，它还提供了有关准备步骤（选择采样策略、确定采样计划）的信息；描述了采样技术（钻井技术、采样设备和程序）和现场测量；并就 VOC 的保存、包装、运输和送至实验室给出了建议（参见图 2 中描述的土壤采样过程）。本文件可适用的 VOC 包括： — 挥发性芳烃，如苯、甲苯、乙苯、萘； — 脂肪族醚，如甲基叔丁基醚 (MTBE)、乙基叔丁基醚 (ETBE) 和叔戊基甲基醚 (TAME)； — 挥发性卤代烃，如四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯。本文件不涉及挥发性非有机化合物。但是，附件 D 中提供了有关这些内容的一些信息。本文件提供了有关选择用于测定 VOC 的钻井和采样技术以及如何使用它们的要求和指导。它阐明了钻井和采样技术的适用性和局限性，同时考虑到土壤中可能发生的物理、化学或生物反应。本文件给出了使用仪器测量技术测定空气中 VOC 浓度的要求和建议，首先涉及工人安全，然后涉及土壤采样过程中挥发物的半定量测量。以下主题不在本文件的讨论范围内： - 现场分析实验室对挥发性化合物的直接定量测量； - 土壤气体质量的调查和评估（这些涉及 ISO 18400 204）； - 安全风险评估；和 - 分析程序。 [外文原描述]： This document provides specific requirements and recommendations on soil sampling and semi-quantitative measurements in field investigations for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are not explicitly covered in the existing ISO 18400 series. In addition, it provides information on the preparation steps (choosing a sampling strategy, defining a sampling plan); describes sampling techniques (drilling techniques, sampling devices and procedures) and field measurements; and gives advice on conservation, packaging, transport and delivery to the laboratory in the context of VOCs (see soil sampling process described in Figure 2). VOCs to which this document can be applied include: — volatile aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene; — aliphatic ethers such as methyl tert.-butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tert.-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert.-amyl methyl ether (TAME); — volatile halogenated hydrocarbons such as tetrachloroethene and, trichloroethene. The document does not cover the volatile non-organic compounds. However, some information about these is provided in Annex D. This document provides requirements and guidance on the selection of drilling and sampling techniques for determining VOCs and how to use them. It clarifies the applicability and limits of the drilling and sampling techniques, taking into account the physical, chemical or biological reactions that can occur in soil. This document gives requirements and recommendations on the use of instrumental measurement techniques for determination of VOC concentrations in air, firstly in relation to worker safety, and subsequently for semi-quantitative measurements of volatiles during soil sampling. The following subjects are outside the scope of this document: — direct quantitative measurement of volatile compounds by field analysis laboratories; — investigations and evaluation of soil gas quality (these are dealt with ISO 18400 204); — safety risk assessment; and — analytical procedures.