机械振动和冲击.粘弹性材料动态机械性能的特性.第5部分:基于测量和有限元分析之间比对的泊松比

[中文适用范围]： ISO 18437 的这一部分规定了两种估计各向同性粘弹性或多孔弹性材料的泊松比或/和弹性模量的方法，用于线性有限元法 (FEM) 计算机程序或粘性振动或声学问题的其他数值方法-复杂几何形状的弹性结构。 该方法基于两端具有粘合边界条件的圆盘状样本的力-偏转或刚度特性测量值以及这些条件作为泊松比函数的有限元计算之间的比较。 选择单样本还是双样本测量方法取决于泊松比是单独测定还是与弹性模量一起测定。 有时，这些材料被认为是不可压缩的，并且表现出非线性，特别是在大静态变形时。 有许多商业代码可以解决此类问题。 ISO 18437 这一部分的情况并非如此，该部分仅考虑典型振动问题中观察到的小变形，因此线性 FEM 代码足够且更方便。 就 ISO 18437 本部分而言，以及在 ISO/TC 108 的框架内，术语“动态机械性能”是指确定基本弹性性能，例如复数杨氏模量和泊松比，作为温度和温度的函数。 频率。 ISO 18437 的这一部分适用于隔振器中使用的弹性材料，以减少： a) 音频振动向结构的传播，例如辐射流体传播的声音（空气传播的、结构传播的或其他）； b) 低频振动的传输，例如，当振动过于剧烈时，低频振动会作用于人体或对结构或设备造成损坏。 通过 ISO 18437 本部分中概述并在 ISO 18437-2 至 ISO 18437-4 中进一步详细说明的测量方法获得的数据可用于： 高效隔振器的设计；为给定的设计选择最佳的弹性材料；通过隔振器传递振动的理论计算；产品开发期间的信息；制造商和供应商提供的产品信息；质量控制。 [外文原描述]： ISO 18437-5:2011 specifies two methods for estimating Poisson ratio or/and elastic modulus for isotropic visco-elastic or porous-elastic materials for use in linear finite element method (FEM) computer programs or other numerical approaches to vibrational or acoustic problems in visco-elastic structures of complicated geometry. The method is based on comparison between measurements of force-deflection or stiffness characteristics for disc-shaped specimens, with bonded boundary conditions at both ends, and FEM calculations of those conditions as a function of Poisson ratio. The choice of the single-sample or two-sample measurement method depends on whether the Poisson ratio is to be determined alone or together with the elastic modulus. Sometimes these materials are considered to be incompressible and behave non-linearly especially in large static deformations. Many commercial codes are available to solve such problems. This is not the case in ISO 18437-5:2011, where only small deformations observed in typical vibration problems are considered and, hence, linear FEM codes are adequate and more convenient. For the purposes of ISO 18437-5:2011, and within the framework of ISO/TC 108, the term dynamic mechanical properties refers to the determination of the fundamental elastic properties, e.g. the complex Young modulus and Poisson ratio, as a function of temperature and frequency. ISO 18437-5:2011 is applicable to resilient materials that are used in vibration isolators in order to reduce: a) transmission of audio frequency vibrations to a structure, e.g. radiating fluid-borne sound (airborne, structure-borne, or other); b) transmission of low-frequency vibrations which can, for example, act upon humans or cause damage to structures or equipment when the vibration is too severe. The data obtained with the measurement methods that are outlined in ISO 18437-5:2011 and further detailed in ISO 18437-2 to ISO 18437-4 can be used for: 1) design of efficient vibration isolators; 2) selection of an optimum resilient material for a given design; 3) theoretical computation of the transfer of vibrations through isolators; 4) information during product development; 5) product information provided by manufacturers and suppliers; 6) quality control.