修复用放射性核素污染土壤、建筑物和基础设施的特性描述原则

[中文适用范围]： 本文件提出了采样策略和表征过程的指南，以在修复之前评估土壤、建筑物和基础设施的污染和/或检查修复目标是否已实现（最终排放调查）。 所提出的原则需要根据相关的具体情况（大小、污染程度……）进行适当分级。 它可以与每个国家的关键文档结合使用。 本文件涉及与场地修复相关的特征描述。 它适用于旧核设施正常运行后受到污染的场所。 它还可以应用于重大事故后的现场修复，在这种情况下，输入数据将与所涉及的事故相关联。 该文件补充了现有标准，特别是有关采样、样品保存及其运输、处理和实验室测量的标准，以及与原位化学和放射性测量相关的标准。 参考书目中的参考文献包含各个成员国要求的适当文件和技术的链接。 该文件不适用于以下问题：清理工作的执行、废物（经过处理或未经处理）或废物包装的采样和表征。 它不适用于地下水特征（饱和区）。 鉴于现场修复和退役的具体情况，本文件中传达的原则和指导仅作为一般指导，而不是规定性要求。 [外文原描述]： ISO 18557 presents guidelines for sampling strategies and characterization processes to assess the contamination of soils, buildings and infrastructures, prior to remediation and/or to check that the remediation objectives have been met (final release surveys). The principles presented need to be appropriately graded as regards the specific situations concerned (size, level of contamination?). It can be used in conjunction with each country's key documentation. ISO 18557 deals with characterization in relation to site remediation. It applies to sites contaminated after normal operation of older nuclear facilities. It could also apply to site remediation after a major accident, and in this case the input data will be linked to the accident involved. ISO 18557 complements existing standards, notably concerning sampling, sample preservation and their transport, treatment and laboratory measurements, but also those related to in situ chemical and radiological measurements. References in the Bibliography contain links to appropriate documentation and techniques as required by individual member countries. ISO 18557 does not apply to the following issues: execution of clean-up works, sampling and characterization of waste (conditioned or unconditioned) or to waste packages. It does not apply to groundwater characterization (saturated zone). Given the case-by-case nature of site remediation and decommissioning, the principles and guidance communicated in ISO 18557 are intended as general guidance only, not prescriptive requirements.