标准摘要
[中文适用范围]： 本文件提供了一种方法，可以估算土壤样本中存在的 α 和 β 发射体的总放射性。它主要适用于基于比较测量的系统检查或初步现场研究，以指导测试人员优先选择测量土壤样本和实施具体分析方法。总 α 或 β 放射性通常不同于存在的放射性核素的有效放射性总和，因为按照惯例，所有 α 发射都分配相同的 α 计数效率，所有 β 发射都分配相同的 β 计数效率。土壤包括基岩和矿石中的岩石以及使用天然放射性物质 (NORM) 或来自涉及技术增强天然放射性物质 (TENORM) 的技术过程的建筑材料和产品、陶器等，例如矿砂的开采和加工或磷肥的生产和使用。本文件中描述的测试方法还可用于评估经过适当采样程序后的污泥、沉积物、建筑材料和产品中 α 和 β 辐射源的总放射性[2][3][4][5][7][8]。为简便起见，本文件中使用的术语“土壤”涵盖了上述元素集。 [外文原描述]： This document provides a method that allows an estimation of gross radioactivity of alpha- and beta-emitters present in soil samples. It applies, essentially, to systematic inspections based on comparative measurements or to preliminary site studies to guide the testing staff both in the choice of soil samples for measurement as a priority and in the specific analysis methods for implementation. The gross α or β radioactivity is generally different from the sum of the effective radioactivities of the radionuclides present since, by convention, the same alpha counting efficiency is assigned for all the alpha emissions and the same beta counting efficiency is assigned for all the beta emissions. Soil includes rock from bedrock and ore as well as construction materials and products, potery, etc. using naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) or those from technological processes involving Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM), e.g. the mining and processing of mineral sands or phosphate fertilizer production and use. The test methods described in this document can also be used to assess gross radioactivity of alpha- and beta-emitters in sludge, sediment, construction material and products following proper sampling procedure [2][3][4][5][7][8] . For simplification, the term "soil" used in this document covers the set of elements mentioned above.
英文名称Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Soil — Part 6: Gross alpha and gross beta activities — Test method using gas-flow proportional counting