食物链的微生物学.表面取样的水平方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件指定了食品链环境中表面取样方法中使用接触板、棒涂布器、海绵和布等采样技术的水平方法，以检测和计数培养微生物（如病原菌或非病原菌细菌或酵母菌和霉菌）。NOTE 中的术语“环境”是指任何与食品产品接触或可能代表污染或再污染来源的物品；例如材料、场所或操作员。本文件不适用于清洁和消毒程序的验证。本文件不适用于主要生产样品的取样技术，这些技术由ISO 13307涵盖。 carcasses的取样技术由ISO 17604涵盖。诺如病毒和甲型肝炎病毒分析的取样技术由ISO 15216-1涵盖。本文件不提供关于采样频率、采样点数量或旋转采样点的需求的建议，因为这些是根据具体情况选择的。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies horizontal methods for sampling techniques using contact plates, stick swabs, sponges and cloths on surfaces in the food chain environment in order to detect and enumerate culturable microorganisms such as pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria or yeasts and moulds. NOTE The term "environment" means any item in contact with the food product or likely to represent a contamination or recontamination source; for example, material, premises or operators. This document does not apply to the validation of cleaning and disinfection procedures. This document does not apply to sampling techniques for primary production samples, which are covered by ISO 13307. Sampling techniques for carcasses are covered by ISO 17604. Sampling techniques for analysis of noroviruses and hepatitis A viruses are covered by ISO 15216-1. This document does not give advice on sampling frequency, the number of sampling points, or the need to rotate sampling points, as these are chosen on a case-by-case basis.