地理信息.地理定位用图像传感器模型.第1部分：基础

[中文适用范围]： 本文件确定了确定图像坐标中遥感像素的位置与其地理位置之间的关系所需的信息。 它支持遥感图像的利用。 它定义了与图像一起分发的元数据，以使用户能够根据观察结果确定地理位置。 本文件规定了提供支持地理定位信息的几种方式。 a) 它可以作为传感器描述提供，并具有严格构建 PSM 所需的相关物理和几何信息。 对于需要精确地理位置信息的情况，本文档确定了用于严格构建将 2D 图像空间与 3D 地面空间相关联的 PSM 的数学方程以及相关传播误差的计算。 本文件提供了三种类型的无源光电/红外传感器（框架、推扫式和拂扫式）以及有源微波传感系统 SAR 的详细信息。 它提供了一个框架，通过该框架可以将这些传感器模型扩展到其他传感器类型。 b) 它可以作为 TRM 提供，使用其系数基于 PSM 的函数，以便它们提供精确地理定位的信息，包括误差的计算，与它们替换的 PSM 一样精确。 c) 它可以作为 CM 提供，该 CM 提供基于观察到的一组 GCP 的地理位置及其图像坐标之间的关系的功能拟合。 d) 它可以作为一组 GCP 提供，可用于开发 CM 或细化 PSM 或 TRM。 本文档既没有指定用户如何获取地理位置数据，也没有指定用户生成的数据的格式或内容。 [外文原描述]： This document identifies the information required to determine the relationship between the position of a remotely sensed pixel in image coordinates and its geoposition. It supports exploitation of remotely sensed images. It defines the metadata to be distributed with the image to enable user determination of geographic position from the observations. This document specifies several ways in which information in support of geopositioning can be provided. a) It may be provided as a sensor description with the associated physical and geometric information necessary to rigorously construct a PSM. For the case where precise geoposition information is needed, this document identifies the mathematical equations for rigorously constructing PSMs that relate 2D image space to 3D ground space and the calculation of the associated propagated errors. This document provides detailed information for three types of passive electro-optical/ IR sensors (frame, pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an active microwave sensing system SAR. It provides a framework by which these sensor models can be extended to other sensor types. b) It can be provided as a TRM, using functions whose coefficients are based on a PSM so that they provide information for precise geopositioning, including the calculation of errors, as precisely as the PSM they replace. c) It can be provided as a CM that provides a functional fitting based on observed relationships between the geopositions of a set of GCPs and their image coordinates. d) It can be provided as a set of GCPs that can be used to develop a CM or to refine a PSM or TRM. This document does not specify either how users derive geoposition data or the format or content of the data the users generate.