地理信息 土地行政领域模型（LADM） 第2部分：土地登记（ISO 19152-2:2025）

[中文适用范围]： 本文件：——定义了一个参考土地行政领域模型（LADM），涵盖土地登记的基本信息相关组件（包括地表以上和以下的要素）；——提供了一个抽象的概念模型，包含三个包和一个子包，分别涉及：——当事人（个人和组织）；——基本行政单位、权利、责任和限制（RRRs）；——空间单元（地块、建筑物和公用设施网络的法律空间及其他几何形状），其中包含一个关于测绘和空间表示（几何和拓扑）的子包；——基于各种国家和国际体系，提供一种尽可能简洁的土地行政（LA）术语，以便在实践中使用。该术语允许对不同司法管辖区的各种正式或非正式实践和程序进行共享描述；——基于指标，提供一个用于比较和监测的平台；——为国家和区域概况提供基础；——使来自不同来源的土地行政信息以一种连贯的方式相结合。以下内容超出本文件的范围：——干预（国家）土地行政法律，可能会产生法律影响；——构建包含当事人数据、地址数据、土地覆盖数据、物理公用设施网络数据、档案数据和税收数据的外部数据库。然而，LADM为这些数据集提供了刻板类，以表明LADM期望从这些外部来源获取哪些数据集元素（如有）。本文件为土地行政领域中的标准化提供了概念和详细结构。 [外文原描述]： This document: — defines a reference land administration domain model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of land registration (including elements above and below the surface of the Earth); — provides an abstract, conceptual model with three packages and one sub-package related to: — parties (people and organizations); — basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities and restrictions (RRRs); — spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks and other geometry) with a sub-package on surveying and spatial representation (geometry and topology); — provides terminology for land administration (LA), based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions; — provides a platform for comparison and monitoring that is based on indicators; — provides a basis for national and regional profiles; and — enables the combination of land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner. The following is outside the scope of this document: — interference with (national) land administration laws with potentially legal implications; and — construction of external databases with party data, address data, land cover data, physical utility network data, archive data and taxation data. However, the LADM provides stereotype classes for these data sets to indicate which data set elements the LADM expects from these external sources, if available. This document provides the concepts and the detailed structure for standardization in the land administration domain.