地理信息 土地管理领域模型（LADM） 第5部分：空间规划信息（ISO 19152-5:2025）

[中文适用范围]： 本文件——规定了一个参考的土地管理领域模型（LADM），涵盖与土地/水域及其地表以下、地表上或地表的2D/3D/4D（3D + 时间）几何表示相关的空间规划信息的基本信息相关组成部分； ——提供了一个抽象的、概念性的模型，包括以下相关包： ——计划单元，即被分配功能/用途（如办公室、教育、零售）的最小同质区域/空间（2D/3D/4D）； ——计划区块，即由规划机构决定的相邻计划单元的集合，例如高密度住宅区、自然区域、重工业区； ——计划组单元，即与更高层级规划相对应的区域； ——计划组，即由多个计划区块组成的空间规划中的层级结构，例如： ——洲际/区域性（如欧洲地区）， ——全国性（如印度尼西亚、荷兰）， ——岛屿， ——州或地区省份， ——市镇或城市， ——城市或农村； ——许可，即授予某一方的权限，允许其从事在其他情况下受到限制的活动； ——基于各种国家和国际体系，对空间规划信息的术语进行定义，尽可能简洁，以便实际应用。这些术语允许在不同司法管辖区中对各种正式或非正式的做法和程序进行共享描述； ——提供了一个基于可持续发展目标（SDG）指标比较和监控空间规划信息的平台； ——提供了一种将空间规划信息（空间规划的输出）整合到土地管理中的建模方法； ——为国家和区域概况的制定提供基础； ——使来自不同来源的土地使用规划和土地发展规划信息能够以协调一致的方式结合起来； ——允许通过引用结构同时表达与多个方和团体的关系，从而确保所有信息系统的信息来源得以保持。它重用了核心的LADM类，以确保所有信息系统的来源得以保持； ——建立空间规划信息的通用要素和基础模式，以便进一步建立更详细的模式。 注：本文件不干涉（国家）及次国家级的空间规划法律。 [外文原描述]： This document: — specifies a reference land administration domain model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of spatial plan information on land/water and elements below/on/above the surface of the Earth with 2D/3D/4D (3D + time) geometric representation; — provides an abstract, conceptual model with packages related to: — plan unit, i.e. the smallest homogenous area/space (2D/3D/4D) with assigned function/purpose, e.g. office, education, retail; — plan block, i.e. a set of neighbouring plan units decided on by planning authorities, e.g. high-density residential area, nature area, heavy industry area; — plan group unit, i.e. areas corresponding to the higher planning levels; — plan group, i.e. hierarchy in spatial plans consisting of multiple plan blocks, e.g.: — continent/regional-wide (e.g. European regions), — country-wide (e.g. Indonesia, the Netherlands), — island, — state or region province, — municipality or city, and — urban or rural; — permit, i.e. something that is granted to a party which gives the party permission to undertake an activity which would otherwise be restricted; — defines terminology for spatial plan information as part of land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions; — provides a platform for comparison and monitoring of spatial planning information based on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators; — provides an approach to modelling the integration of spatial plan information (outputs of spatial plans) into land administration; — provides a basis for national and regional profiles; — enables the combining of land-use planning and land development planning in land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner; — allows for the relationship to multiple parties and groups to be expressed together with a referencing structure so that the sourcing of all information systems can be maintained. It reuses core LADM classes so that sourcing of all information systems can be maintained; — establishes the common elements and basic schema for spatial plan information upon which a more detailed schema can be established. NOTE This document does not interfere with (national) and sub-national spatial planning laws.