土壤质量. 土壤污染现场特定生态风险评价程序(土壤质量TRIAD方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件以一般方式描述了土壤质量 TRIAD 方法在受污染土壤特定场地生态风险评估中的应用。详细而言，它以透明的方式展示了三条证据线（化学、生态毒理学和生态学），这三条证据线共同允许对受污染土壤进行高效、生态稳健且实用的风险评估。该程序也可适用于其他胁迫因素，如酸化、土壤压实、盐碱化、土壤有机质损失和侵蚀。然而，迄今为止，在这些其他应用方面尚未获得经验。因此，本文件侧重于受化学污染物污染的土壤。 注 1：本文件侧重于生态风险评估，因此不涉及人类健康终点。 鉴于本文件的性质，调查程序是在一般层面上描述的。它不包含实际评估的技术程序细节。但是，本文件包含了与三条证据线的实际执行有用的技术标准引用（例如 ISO 15799、ISO 17616）。 在生态风险评估中，土壤污染对生态系统的影响与预期的土地利用以及该用途对功能健全土壤的要求相关。本文件描述了与特定场地风险评估的连贯工具相关的基本步骤，并提供了制定特定场地细节的机会。 本文件也可用于评估清理作业、修复过程或管理措施（即，在采取此类行动后评估环境质量）。 注 2：本文件从已决定在给定场地需要进行生态风险评估时开始。换言之，将描述土壤质量 TRIAD 的实际执行和个别测试结果的评估。因此，关于是否将评估结果纳入土壤管理措施以及如何纳入的决策将不予讨论。 注 3：TRIAD 方法可用于环境的不同部分，但本文件主要侧重于土壤部分。计划另外编制用于其他环境部分的可比文件（例如陆地地上部分），以便基于相同的原则和流程进行完整的场地评估。 [外文原描述]： ISO 19204:2017 describes in a general way the application of the soil quality TRIAD approach for the site-specific ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils. In detail, it presents in a transparent way three lines of evidence (chemistry, ecotoxicology and ecology) which together allow an efficient, ecologically robust but also practical risk assessment of contaminated soils. This procedure can also be applicable to other stress factors, such as acidification, soil compaction, salinization, loss of soil organic substance, and erosion. However, so far, no experience has been gained with these other applications. Therefore, this document focuses on soils contaminated by chemicals. NOTE 1 This document focuses on ecological risk assessment. Thus, it does not cover human health end points. In view of the nature of this document, the investigation procedure is described on a general level. It does not contain details of technical procedures for the actual assessment. However, this document includes references relating to technical standards (e.g. ISO 15799, ISO 17616) which are useful for the actual performance of the three lines of evidence. In ecological risk assessment, the effects of soil contamination on the ecosystem are related to the intended land use and the requirements that this use sets for properly functioning soil. This document describes the basic steps relating to a coherent tool for a site-specific risk assessment with opportunities to work out site-specific details. ISO 19204:2017 can also be used for the evaluation of clean-up operations, remediation processes or management measures (i.e. for the evaluation of the environmental quality after having performed such actions). NOTE 2 This document starts when it has already been decided that an ecological risk assessment at a given site needs to be performed. In other words, the practical performance of the soil quality TRIAD and the evaluation of the individual test results will be described. Thus, nothing will be said about decisions whether (and if yes, how) the results of the assessment are included in soil management measures or not. NOTE 3 The TRIAD approach can be used for different parts of the environment, but this document focuses mostly on the soil compartment. Comparable documents for other environmental compartments are intended to be prepared in addition (e.g. the terrestrial aboveground compartment) in order to perform a complete site assessment, based on the same principles and processes.