机器的状态监测和诊断.水力发电机组

[中文适用范围]： 本文件重点介绍推荐的状态监测技术，用于检测和诊断与水力机组组件最常见的潜在故障模式相关的显影机故障。 其目的是提高水力发电机组（水力发电机组）实施有效状态监测方法的可靠性。 它还旨在帮助建立对成功水力机组状态监测标准的相互理解，并促进各水电利益相关者之间的合作。 本文件适用于最终用户、承包商、顾问、服务提供商、机器制造商和仪器供应商。 本文件针对特定机器，重点介绍发电机、轴/轴承组件、转轮（和抽水蓄能应用的叶轮）、水力管道（包括主进水阀）、蜗壳和水力机组的上尾水管。 它主要适用于装机容量超过 50 MVA 的中型到大型水力发电机组，但在许多情况下对于小型发电机组同样有效。 适用于混流式、轴流式、冲击式、灯泡式等多种类型水轮机。 除了与本文件涵盖的主要系统的状态监测相关的一些监测技术（例如油分析）之外，润滑和冷却等通用辅助系统不在范围内。 传输系统、土建工程和地基不在范围内。 本文件涵盖了运行水力机组的在线（永久安装）和便携式仪器状态监测和诊断技术。 离线机器测试，即仅在关机期间进行的测试，虽然非常重要，但不属于本文档的范围。 一次性验收和性能测试也不在范围之内。 本文件中介绍的状态监测技术涵盖了广泛应用的通用条件下的各种连续和基于间隔的监测技术。 因此，特定应用所需的实际监控方法可能与本通用文件中推荐的方法不同。 [外文原描述]： This document focuses on recommended condition monitoring techniques for detecting and diagnosing developing machine faults associated with the most common potential failure modes for hydro unit components. It is intended to improve the reliability of implementing an effective condition monitoring approach for hydroelectric generating units (hydro units). It is also intended to help create a mutual understanding of the criteria for successful hydro unit condition monitoring and to foster cooperation between the various hydropower stakeholders. This document is intended for end-users, contractors, consultants, service providers, machine manufacturers and instrument suppliers. This document is machine-specific and is focused on the generator, shaft/bearing assembly, runner (and impeller for pumped storage applications), penstock (including the main inlet valve), spiral case and the upper draft tube of hydro units. It is primarily intended for medium to large sized hydro units with more than 50 MVA installed capacity, but it is equally valid for smaller units in many cases. It is applicable to various types of turbines such as Francis, Kaplan, Pelton, Bulb and other types. Generic auxiliary systems such as for lubrication and cooling are outside the scope, with the exception of some monitoring techniques that are related to condition monitoring of major systems covered by this document, such as oil analysis. Transmission systems, civil works and the foundation are outside the scope. This document covers online (permanently installed) and portable instrument condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques for operational hydro units. Offline machine testing, i.e. that which is only done during shutdown, although very important, is not part of the scope of this document. Nor is one-time acceptance and performance testing within the scope. The condition monitoring techniques presented in this document cover a wide range of continuous and interval-based monitoring techniques under generalized conditions for a wide range of applications. Therefore, the actual monitoring approach required for a specific application can be different than that which is recommended in this generalized document.