石油和天然气工业 - 浮动海上结构 - 第1部分:单轴 半潜式和翼梁

[中文适用范围]： 本文件为石油和天然气工业用于支持以下功能的浮动海上平台的结构设计和/或评估提供要求和指导： — 生产； — 储存和/或卸载； — 钻井和生产； — 生产、储存和卸载； — 钻井、生产、储存和卸载。 注 1：根据浮动海上平台的预期任务，它们通常使用各种缩写来指代，例如 FPS、FSU、FPSO（见第 3 和 4 条）。 注 2：在本文件中，术语“浮动结构”（有时缩写为“结构”）用作通用术语，指代上述定义的平台类别中任何成员的结构系统。 注 3：在某些情况下，浮动平台被指定为“早期生产平台”。该术语仅与资产开发战略有关。就本文件而言，“生产”一词包括“早期生产”。本文件不适用于移动式海上装置（MOU）的结构系统。其中包括： — 主要用于执行钻井和/或井干预作业的浮动结构（通常称为 MODU），即使用于扩展井测试作业也是如此； — 用于海上施工作业的浮动结构（例如起重驳船或铺管驳船）、临时或永久海上生活区（浮动装置）或用于运输设备或产品（例如运输驳船、货驳船），这些结构参考相关的公认船级社（RCS）规则。 本文件适用于上述结构的所有可能的生命周期阶段，例如： — 新结构的设计、建造和安装，包括检查、完整性管理和未来拆除的要求， — 结构完整性管理，包括在用结构的检查和评估，以及 — 将结构转换为不同用途（例如将油轮转换为生产平台）或在不同位置重复使用。  本文件明确考虑以下类型的浮动结构：a) 船形结构和驳船；b) 半潜式结构；c) 桅杆； d) 浅吃水圆柱形结构。除上述结构类型外，本文件还涵盖旨在执行上述功能的其他浮动平台，这些平台由部分浸没的浮力船体组成，船体由任何组合的板式和空间框架部件组成。这些其他结构的几何形状和结构形式（例如张力腿平台）可能存在很大的变化范围，因此，本文件的要求只能部分涵盖这些结构。在其他情况下，本文件中规定的特定要求可能不适用于所考虑结构的全部或部分。注 4 ISO 19901-3 中列出了上部结构的要求。在上述情况下，符合本文件要求设计基于其基本原则，并达到与本文件隐含水平相当或更高的安全水平。注 5 海上技术的发展速度通常远远超过行业在结构概念、结构形状或形式、结构部件以及相关分析和设计实践方面的创新达成实质性共识的速度，这些创新不断得到完善和增强。另一方面，国际标准只能捕捉明确的行业共识，这需要成熟和接受新想法。因此，在某些情况下，先进的结构概念只能部分地包含在该文件的要求中。该文件适用于钢制浮式结构。然而，本文记录的原则被认为普遍适用于用钢以外的材料制造的结构。 [外文原描述]： This document provides requirements and guidance for the structural design and/or assessment of floating offshore platforms used by the petroleum and natural gas industries to support the following functions: — production; — storage and/or offloading; — drilling and production; — production, storage and offloading; — drilling, production, storage and offloading. NOTE 1 Floating offshore platforms are often referred to using a variety of abbreviations, e.g. FPS, FSU, FPSO (see Clauses 3 and 4), in accordance with their intended mission. NOTE 2 In this document, the term "floating structure", sometimes shortened to "structure", is used as a generic term to indicate the structural systems of any member of the classes of platforms defined above. NOTE 3 In some cases, floating platforms are designated as "early production platforms". This term relates merely to an asset development strategy. For the purposes of this document, the term "production" includes "early production". This document is not applicable to the structural systems of mobile offshore units (MOUs). These include, among others, the following: — floating structures intended primarily to perform drilling and/or well intervention operations (often referred to as MODUs), even when used for extended well test operations; — floating structures used for offshore construction operations (e.g. crane barges or pipelay barges), for temporary or permanent offshore living quarters (floatels), or for transport of equipment or products (e.g. transportation barges, cargo barges), for which structures reference is made to relevant recognized classification society (RCS) rules. This document is applicable to all possible life-cycle stages of the structures defined above, such as: — design, construction and installation of new structures, including requirements for inspection, integrity management and future removal, — structural integrity management covering inspection and assessment of structures in-service, and — conversion of structures for different use (e.g. a tanker converted to a production platform) or re‑use at different locations. The following types of floating structure are explicitly considered within the context of this document: a) ship-shaped structures and barges; b) semi-submersibles; c) spars; d) shallow-draught cylindrical structures. In addition to the structural types listed above, this document covers other floating platforms intended to perform the above functions, consisting of partially submerged buoyant hulls made up of any combination of plated and space frame components. These other structures can have a great range of variability in geometry and structural forms (e.g. tension leg platforms) and, therefore, can be only partly covered by the requirements of this document. In other cases, specific requirements stated in this document can be found not to apply to all or part of a structure under consideration. NOTE 4 Requirements for topsides structures are presented in ISO 19901-3. In the above cases, conformity with this document requires the design to be based upon its underpinning principles and to achieve a level of safety equivalent, or superior, to the level implicit in it. NOTE 5 The speed of evolution of offshore technology often far exceeds the pace at which the industry achieves substantial agreement on innovation in structural concepts, structural shapes or forms, structural components and associated analysis and design practices, which are continuously refined and enhanced. On the other hand, International Standards can only capture explicit industry consensus, which requires maturation and acceptance of new ideas. Consequently, advanced structural concepts can, in some cases, only be partly covered by the requirements of this document. This document is applicable to steel floating structures. The principles documented herein are, however, considered to be generally applicable to structures fabricated in materials other than steel.