声学.环境噪声的描述、测量和评价.第1部分:基本参量和评价方法

[中文适用范围]： 社区对噪声的反应可能因观察到的具有相同声级的声源而有所不同。ISO 1996 的这一部分描述了对具有不同特性的声音的调整。术语“评级水平”用于描述已添加一个或多个调整的物理声音预测或测量。根据这些评级水平，可以估计长期社区反应。ISO 1996 的这一部分没有规定环境噪声的限值。注 1 在声学中，描述声音的几种不同物理测量可以用分贝表示其水平（例如声压、最大声压和等效连续声压）。对于相同的声音，这些物理测量对应的水平通常会有所不同。这常常导致混淆。因此，有必要指定基础物理量（例如声压级、最大声压级和等效连续声压级）。注 2 在 ISO 1996 的这一部分中，数量以分贝级表示。但是，一些国家有效地以帕斯卡表示基础物理量，例如最大声压，或以帕斯卡平方秒表示声音暴露。注 3 [外文原描述]： ISO 1996-1:2016 defines the basic quantities to be used for the description of noise in community environments and describes basic assessment procedures. It also specifies methods to assess environmental noise and gives guidance on predicting the potential annoyance response of a community to long-term exposure from various types of environmental noises. The sound sources can be separate or in various combinations. Application of the method to predict annoyance response is limited to areas where people reside and to related long-term land uses. Community response to noise can vary differently among sound sources that are observed to have the same acoustic levels. This part of ISO 1996 describes adjustments for sounds that have different characteristics. The term "rating level" is used to describe physical sound predictions or measurements to which one or more adjustments have been added. On the basis of these rating levels, the long-term community response can be estimated. The sounds are assessed either singly or in combination, allowing for consideration, when deemed necessary by responsible authorities, of the special characteristics of their impulsiveness, tonality, and low-frequency content, and for the different characteristics of road-traffic noise, other forms of transportation noise (such as aircraft noise), and industrial noise. ISO 1996-1:2016 does not specify limits for environmental noise. NOTE 1 In acoustics, several different physical measures describing sound can have their level expressed in decibels (e.g. sound pressure, maximum sound pressure, and equivalent continuous sound pressure). The levels corresponding to these physical measures normally will differ for the same sound. This often leads to confusion. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the underlying physical quantity (e.g. sound pressure level, maximum sound pressure level, and equivalent continuous sound pressure level). NOTE 2 In this part of ISO 1996, quantities are expressed as levels in decibels. However, some countries validly express the underlying physical quantity, such as maximum sound pressure, in pascal or sound exposure in pascal-squared seconds. NOTE 3 ISO 1996‑2 deals with the determination of sound pressure levels.