标准摘要
[中文适用范围]： 这些国际导则以这样的假设为基础：监测环境成分（大气、水、土壤和生物）以及食品质量是为了确保保护人类健康[5][7][8][9][10][11][12]。这些导则为制定国家法规、标准以及监测空气、水和食物以支持公共卫生，特别是保护公众免受电离辐射奠定了基础。本文件提供： — 指导收集所需数据，以评估人类暴露于不同环境部分（大气、水、土壤、生物）和食物中自然存在或由人类活动排放的放射性核素所致的放射性核素； — 指导前瞻性和/或回顾性公众暴露剂量评估方法所需的环境特性； — 针对涉及不受控制的伽马射线释放事件（例如核电反应堆紧急情况）以及涉及贝塔或阿尔法射线释放事件的适当行动的指导，这些事件需要额外考虑适合其释放的途径、仪器、实验室分析、操作干预水平、防护行动等； — 为负责准备放射性评估以支持许可证或授权申请的核设施工作人员和负责评估公众剂量以确定气态或液态流出物放射性排放授权的国家当局官员提供指导； — 向公众提供有关对有代表性的人/人群的任何暴露情况进行剂量评估所使用的参数的信息。重要的是剂量评估过程应透明，并且利益相关者应清楚地理解假设，他们可以参与选择要考虑的有代表性的人的习惯。本文件参考了各种已发布的 ISO 文件。在适当的情况下，本文件还参考了国家标准或其他公开文件。 [外文原描述]： These international guidelines are based on the assumption that monitoring of environmental components (atmosphere, water, soil and biota) as well as food quality is performed to ensure the protection of human health [ 5 ][ 7 ][ 8 ][ 9 ][ 10 ][ 11 ][ 12 ] . The guidelines constitute a basis for the setting of national regulations, standards, and inter alia, for monitoring air, water and food in support of public health, specifically to protect the public from ionizing radiation. This document provides: — guidance to collect data needed for the assessment of human exposure to radionuclides naturally present or discharged by anthropogenic activities in the different environmental compartments (atmosphere, waters, soils, biota) and food; — guidance on the environmental characterization needed for the prospective and/or retrospective dose assessment methods of public exposure; — guidance that addresses actions appropriate for an event involving uncontrolled releases of gamma-emitters (e.g. nuclear power reactor emergencies) and also events that would involve beta- or alpha-emitters would require additional consideration of the pathways, instrumentation, laboratory analysis, operational intervention levels, protective actions, etc., appropriate to their release; — guidance for staff in nuclear installations responsible for the preparation of radiological assessments in support of permit or authorization applications and National Authorities’ officers in charge of the assessment of doses to the public for the purposes of determining gaseous or liquid effluent radioactive discharge authorizations; — information to the public on the parameters used to conduct a dose assessment for any exposure situations to a representative person/population. It is important that the dose assessment process be transparent, and that assumptions are clearly understood by stakeholders who can participate in, for example, the selection of habits of the representative person to be considered. This document refers to various published ISO documents. When appropriate, this document also refers to national standards or other publicly available documents.
英文名称Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Guidelines for effective dose assessment using environmental monitoring data — Part 2: Emergency exposure situation