环境中放射性的测量.空气:气溶胶颗粒.用过滤介质取样的试验方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件为使用过滤介质对空气中的气溶胶颗粒进行采样过程提供了指导。 本文件考虑了环境空气中气溶胶颗粒的具体行为（附件 B）。 — 两种随后或同时测量的采样程序方法： ——确定空气中与气溶胶颗粒结合的放射性核素的活度浓度，了解沉积在过滤器中的活度； ——用于实时测量的连续空气监测装置的操作使用。 活度浓度以贝克勒尔每立方米 (Bq∙m-3) 表示。 本文件描述了在空气采样通过旨在捕获气溶胶颗粒的过滤介质后确定与气溶胶颗粒结合的放射性核素活度浓度的测试方法。 该方法可用于任何类型的环境研究或监测。 该测试方法用于质量保证管理体系（ISO/IEC 17025[2]）。 本文件不涵盖用于确定介质过滤器中沉积的活性的测量测试技术（伽马能谱、全局 α 和 β 计数、液体闪烁、α 能谱）的详细信息，这些技术基于现有标准或由负责这些测量的实验室。 此外，本文件不涵盖由环境空气中所含灰尘的成分给出的气溶胶粒径的变化性[3][4]。 本文件不涉及对核设施废气中与气溶胶颗粒结合的放射性核素进行采样[参见 ISO 2889:2021][5]。 这里描述的程序有利于气溶胶结合放射性核素的采样。 应符合IAEA[6]监测计划安全标准的国家和国际要求。 在开始监测之前，需要记录采样位置的特征（坐标、植被类型、障碍物）。 世界气象组织（WMO）的指南包括世界所有气象站温度、风速、风向、湿度和降水代表性测量的标准[7]。 [外文原描述]： This document provides guidance for — the sampling process of the aerosol particles in the air using filter media. This document takes into account the specific behaviour of aerosol particles in ambient air ( Annex B ). — Two methods for sampling procedures with subsequent or simultaneous measurement: — the determination of the activity concentration of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles in the air knowing the activity deposited in the filter; — the operating use of continuous air monitoring devices used for real time measurement. The activity concentration is expressed in becquerel per cubic metre (Bq∙m -3 ). This document describes the test method to determine activity concentrations of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles after air sampling passing through a filter media designed to trap aerosol particles. The method can be used for any type of environmental study or monitoring. The test method is used in the context of a quality assurance management system ( ISO/IEC 17025 [ 2 ] ). This document does not cover the details of measurement test techniques (gamma spectroscopy, global alpha and beta counting, liquid scintillation, alpha spectrometry) used to determine the activity deposited in the media filter, which are either based on existing standards or internal methods developed by the laboratory in charge of those measurements. Also, this document does not cover the variability of the aerosol particle sizes as given by the composition of the dust contained in ambient air [ 3 ][ 4 ] . This document does not address to sampling of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles in the effluent air of nuclear facilities [see ISO 2889 : 2021 ] [ 5 ] . The procedures described here facilitate the sampling of aerosol bound radionuclides. It is supposed to conform to the national and international requirements for monitoring programmes safety standards of IAEA [ 6 ] . The characteristics of the sampling location (coordinates, type of vegetation, obstacles) need to be documented prior to commencing the monitoring. The guidelines of the World Meteorology Organization (WMO) include the criteria for representative measurements of temperature, wind-speed, wind direction, humidity and precipitation for all the weather stations in the world [ 7 ] .