消防安全工程. 建筑消防疏散模型的验证和确认协议

[中文适用范围]： 本文件描述了用于验证和确认建筑火灾疏散模型的协议。 本文档主要讨论微观（基于代理）模型中的疏散模型组件。 然而，如果模型能够表示所考虑的组件，则可以（全部或部分）采用宏观模型。 本文件中讨论的疏散模型的应用领域包括基于性能的建筑物设计以及疏散规划和程序有效性的审查。 疏散过程用疏散模型来表示，其中人们的运动及其与环境的相互作用利用了火灾理论和经验观察中的人类行为[5]。 疏散模拟使用数学模型和/或智能体到智能体和智能体到环境规则来表示。 本文件的应用领域涉及建筑物。 本文件无意涵盖运动中的运输系统（例如火车、船舶）的各个方面，因为可能需要特定的临时附加测试来解决这些类型系统中疏散期间人类行为的模拟[6]。 本文件包括用于验证和确认测试的组件列表，以及用于分析和评估与疏散模型相关的准确性的方法。 还包括验收标准分析的程序。 本文档中提供了用于测试的组件的完整列表，因为测试范围并未人为地限制为一组简单的应用程序。 然而，疏散模型作为设计工具的应用可能会受到影响人类行为的变量数量的影响。 考虑到与结果相关的复杂程度，大量的影响可能会阻碍所获得的结果的接受。 较简单的计算方法，例如宏观模型、容量分析或流量计算，受高保真建模需求的影响较小。 相比之下，更复杂的计算方法（即基于代理的模型）更多地依赖于证明模拟能够表示不同的突发行为的能力。 因此，用于测试的组件被分为不同的类别，使疏散模型测试人员能够根据模型中嵌入的复杂程度以及模型应用的具体范围来测试疏散模型。 附件 A 中提供了报告模板，为用户提供关于呈现测试结果的格式的指导，附件 B 中提供了验证和确认测试的示例性应用。 [外文原描述]： This document describes a protocol for the verification and validation of building fire evacuation models. This document mostly addresses evacuation model components as they are in microscopic (agent-based) models. Nevertheless, it can be adopted (entirely or partially) for macroscopic models if the model is able to represent the components under consideration. The area of application of the evacuation models discussed in this document includes performance-based design of buildings and the review of the effectiveness of evacuation planning and procedures. The evacuation process is represented with evacuation models in which people's movement and their interaction with the environment make use of human behaviour in fire theories and empirical observations [ 5 ] . The simulation of evacuation is represented using mathematical models and/or agent‑to‑agent and agent-to-environment rules. The area of application of this document relates to buildings. This document is not intended to cover aspects of transportation systems in motion (e.g. trains, ships) since specific ad-hoc additional tests may be required for addressing the simulation of human behaviour during evacuation in these types of systems [ 6 ] . This document includes a list of components for verification and validation testing as well as a methodology for the analysis and assessment of accuracy associated with evacuation models. The procedure for the analysis of acceptance criteria is also included. A comprehensive list of components for testing is presented in this document, since the scope of the testing has not been artificially restricted to a set of straightforward applications. Nevertheless, the application of evacuation models as a design tool can be affected by the numbers of variables affecting human behaviour under consideration. A high number of influences can hamper the acceptance of the results obtained given the level of complexity associated with the results. Simpler calculation methods, such as macroscopic models, capacity analyses or flow calculations, are affected to a lower extent by the need to aim at high fidelity modelling. In contrast, more sophisticated calculation methods (i.e. agent-based models) rely more on the ability to demonstrate that the simulation is able to represent different emergent behaviours. For this reason, the components for testing are divided into different categories, enabling the evacuation model tester to test an evacuation model both in relation to the degree of sophistication embedded in the model as well as the specific scope of the model application. In Annex A, a reporting template is provided to provide guidance to users regarding a format for presenting test results and exemplary application of verification and validation tests are presented in Annex B.