表面化学分析.样品处理、制备和安装.第3部分：生物材料

[中文适用范围]： 本文件提供了在表面化学分析之前生物材料样本的处理、安装和表面处理方法的指导。 它旨在帮助分析人员了解通过以下技术进行分析所需的专门样品处理条件： ——X 射线光电子能谱（XPS 或 ESCA）； ——二次离子质谱（SIMS）； ——俄歇电子能谱 (AES)。 所提出的协议也适用于对表面成分敏感的其他分析技术，例如： ——衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）； ——全反射X射线荧光（TXRF）； ——紫外光电子能谱（UPS）。 讨论了所应用的真空条件的影响以及分析和植入前后的污染问题，以及与分析过程中的污染相关的问题。 这里涵盖的生物材料包括硬质和软质样本，例如金属、陶瓷、支架和聚合物。 本文件不包括细胞、组织和活体等可行的生物材料。 本文件未涵盖的其他相关主题包括：电子或光学显微镜标本的制备。 [外文原描述]： This document gives guidance on methods of handling, mounting and surface treatment for a biomaterial specimen prior to surface chemical analysis. It is intended for the analyst as an aid in understanding the specialized specimen-handling conditions required for analyses by the following techniques: — X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA); — secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); — Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The protocols presented are also applicable to other analytical techniques that are sensitive to surface composition, such as: — attenuated total reflectance -Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR); — total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF); — ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The influence of vacuum conditions applied and the issue of contamination before and after analysis and implantation, as well as issues related to contamination during analysis, are addressed. Biomaterials covered here are hard and soft specimens such as metals, ceramics, scaffolds and polymers. This document does not cover such viable biological materials as cells, tissues and living organisms. Other related topics not covered in this document include: preparation of specimens for electron or light microscopy.