机械振动. 机械振动的测量和评估. 第1部分: 通用指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件建立了通用条件和程序，用于通过测量完整机器的旋转部件、非旋转部件和往复部件来进行振动测量和评估。它适用于绝对和相对径向轴振动的测量，用于监测径向间隙，但不包括轴向轴振动。提供的通用评估标准（以振动幅值和振动变化表示）适用于运行监测和验收测试。它们主要用于确保机器安全可靠、长期的运行，同时尽量减少对关联设备的负面影响。还提供了设定运行极限的指南。注 1：不同类别机械的评估标准将包含在 ISO 20816 系列的其他部分中，届时可用。在此期间，准则在条款 6 中给出。注 2：ISO 20816 中始终使用“轴振动”一词，因为大多数情况下是在机器轴上进行测量。然而，如果找到其他旋转部件更合适且遵守指南，ISO 20816 系列也适用于在其他旋转部件上进行的测量。就 ISO 20816 而言，运行监测被视为在机器正常运行期间进行的振动测量。ISO 20816 系列允许使用不同的测量量和方法，前提是它们定义明确，其局限性已阐明，以便理解测量结果。评估标准仅涉及机器本身产生的振动，而不涉及从外部传递到机器的振动。本文件不包括对扭转振动的考虑。注 3：关于扭转振动，参见例如 ISO 3046-5、ISO 22266-1 或 VDI 2039。 [外文原描述]： ISO 20816-1:2016 establishes general conditions and procedures for the measurement and evaluation of vibration using measurements made on rotating, non-rotating and non-reciprocating parts of complete machines. It is applicable to measurements of both absolute and relative radial shaft vibration with regard to the monitoring of radial clearances, but excludes axial shaft vibration. The general evaluation criteria, which are presented in terms of both vibration magnitude and change of vibration, relate to both operational monitoring and acceptance testing. They have been provided primarily with regard to securing reliable, safe, long-term operation of the machine while minimizing adverse effects on associated equipment. Guidelines are also presented for setting operational limits. NOTE 1 The evaluation criteria for different classes of machinery will be included in other parts of ISO 20816 when they become available. In the meantime, guidelines are given in Clause 6. NOTE 2 The term "shaft vibration" is used throughout ISO 20816 because, in most cases, measurements are made on machine shafts. However, the ISO 20816 series is also applicable to measurements made on other rotating elements if such elements are found to be more suitable, provided that the guidelines are respected. For the purposes of ISO 20816, operational monitoring is considered to be those vibration measurements made during the normal operation of a machine. The ISO 20816 series permits the use of different measurement quantities and methods, provided that they are well-defined and their limitations are set out, so that the interpretation of the measurements is well-understood. The evaluation criteria relate only to the vibration produced by the machine itself and not the vibration transmitted to it from outside. ISO 20816-1:2016 does not include consideration of torsional vibration. NOTE 3 For torsional vibration, see, for example, ISO 3046‑5, ISO 22266‑1 or VDI 2039.