机械振动.机器振动的测量和评定.第3部分:额定功率大于15kW、工作速度在120r/min和30000r/min之间的工业机械

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了功率在15kW以上、运行速度在120r/min至30000r/min之间的各种耦合工业机械类型在现场测量时振动评估的一般要求。 为在正常操作条件下对非旋转和旋转部件进行的测量提供了应用评估标准的指南。 该指南既包括稳定运行振动值，也包括这些稳定值中可能发生的振动幅度的变化。 所提供的数值旨在作为基于全球机器经验的指南，但在应用时应适当考虑可能导致这些值不合适的特定机器特征。 一般来说，机器的状况是通过考虑轴振动和相关的结构振动以及特定频率分量来评估的，这些分量并不总是与所呈现的宽带严重性值相关。 本文件涵盖的机器类型包括： a) 输出功率小于或等于 40 MW 的汽轮机和发电机（见注 1 和注 2）； b) 输出功率大于 40 MW、通常以 1500 r/min、1800 r/min、3000 r/min 或 3600 r/min 以外的速度运行的汽轮机和发电机（尽管发电机很少属于此类）（见注） 1）； c) 旋转式压缩机； d) 输出功率小于或等于3MW的工业燃气轮机（见注2）； e) 涡轮风扇发动机； f) 任何类型的电动机，只要联轴器是柔性的。 当电机刚性耦合到 ISO 20816 任何其他部分涵盖的机器类型时，可以根据该其他部分或 ISO 20816-3 对电机进行评估； g) 轧辊和轧机； h) 输送机； i) 变速联轴器； j) 鼓风机或风扇（见注 3）。 注 1：以 1500 r/min、1800 r/min、3000 r/min 或 3600 r/min 运行的陆基蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机和容量大于 40 MW 的发电机均符合 ISO 20816-2 的要求。 。 ISO 20816-5 涵盖水力发电厂的发电机。 注 2：ISO 20816-4 涵盖功率大于 3 MW 的燃气轮机。 1 注 3 本文件中提出的振动标准一般仅适用于额定功率大于 300 kW 的风机或不灵活支撑的风机。 在情况允许的情况下，将准备其他类型风扇的建议，包括轻质金属板结构的风扇。 在提供这些建议之前，制造商和客户可以就分类达成一致；使用以前的操作经验的结果（另请参见 ISO 14694）。 包括齿轮级的机械也属于本文件的范围。 有关执行齿轮箱验收测试的信息，请参阅 ISO 20816-9。 本文件不涵盖以下类型的工业机械： k) 输出功率大于 40 MW、转速为 1500 r/min、1800 r/min、3000 r/min 或3600转/分钟（参见ISO 20816-2）； l) 输出功率大于3MW的燃气轮机机组（见ISO 20816-4）； m) 水力发电和泵站的机组（见 ISO 20816-5）； n) 往复式机器和与往复式机器牢固耦合的机器（见 ISO 10816-6）； o) 转子动力泵和叶轮直接安装在电机轴上或牢固地固定在电机轴上的任何集成式或固耦合式电机（参见 ISO 10816-7）； p) 往复式压缩机系统（见 ISO 20816-8）； q) 旋转式容积式压缩机（例如螺杆式压缩机）； r) 浸没式电动泵； s) 风力涡轮机（参见 ISO 10816-21）。 本文件的要求适用于在额定工作速度范围内的稳态工作条件下对机器的轴、轴承、轴承座或外壳进行的现场宽带振动测量。 这些要求涉及验收测试和运行监控。 本文件中包含的评估标准可适用于连续和非连续监测情况。 本文件的要求涵盖可能具有齿轮或滚动轴承的机器，但不涉及对这些齿轮或轴承状况的诊断评估。 本文件中的要求仅适用于机组本身产生的振动，不适用于从外部源传递到机组的振动。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies the general requirements for evaluating the vibration of various coupled industrial machine types with a power above 15 kW and operating speeds between 120 r/min and 30 000 r/min when measurements are made in-situ. Guidelines for applying evaluation criteria are provided for measurements taken on non-rotating and rotating parts under normal operating conditions. The guidelines are presented in terms of both steady running vibration values and in terms of changes to vibration magnitude, which can occur in these steady values. The numerical values presented are intended to serve as guidelines based on worldwide machine experience, but shall be applied with due regard to specific machine features which can cause these values to be inappropriate. In general, the condition of a machine is assessed by consideration of both the shaft vibration and the associated structural vibration, as well as specific frequency components, which do not always relate to the broadband severity values presented. The machine types covered by this document include: a) steam turbines and generators with outputs less than or equal to 40 MW (see Note 1 and Note 2); b) steam turbines and generators with outputs greater than 40 MW which normally operate at speeds other than 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min (although generators seldom fall into this category) (see Note 1); c) rotary compressors; d) industrial gas turbines with outputs less than or equal to 3 MW (see Note 2); e) turbofans; f) electric motors of any type, if the coupling is flexible. When a motor is rigidly coupled to a machine type covered by any other part of ISO20816, the motor may be assessed either against that other part or against ISO 20816-3; g) rolls and mills; h) conveyors; i) variable speed couplings; and j) blowers or fans (see Note 3). NOTE 1 Land based steam turbines, gas turbines and generators of greater than 40 MW capacity, which run at 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min are covered by the requirements of ISO 20816-2. Generators in hydro-electric plants are covered by ISO 20816-5. NOTE 2 Gas turbines of power greater than 3 MW are covered by ISO 20816-4. NOTE 3 The vibration criteria presented in this document are generally only applicable to fans with power ratings greater than 300 kW or fans which are not flexibly supported. As and when circumstances permit, recommendations for other types of fans, including those of lightweight sheet-metal construction, will be prepared. Until these recommendations are available, classifications can be agreed between the manufacturer and the customer; using results of previous operational experience (see also ISO 14694). Machinery including a geared stage can fall under the scope of this document. For performing acceptance tests of gearboxes please refer to ISO 20816-9. The following types of industrial machine are not covered by this document: k) land-based gas turbines, steam turbines and generators with power outputs greater than 40 MW and speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min (see ISO20816‑2); l) gas turbine sets with power outputs greater than 3 MW (see ISO20816‑4); m) machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants (see ISO20816‑5); n) reciprocating machines and machines solidly coupled to reciprocating machines (see ISO10816‑6); o) rotordynamic pumps and any integrated or solidly coupled electric motors where the impeller is mounted directly on the motor shaft or is rigidly attached to it (see ISO10816‑7); p) reciprocating compressor systems (see ISO 20816-8); q) rotary positive displacement compressors (e. g. screw compressors); r) submerged motor-pumps; and s) wind turbines (see ISO10816‑21). The requirements of this document apply to in-situ broad-band vibration measurements taken on the shafts, bearings, bearing pedestals, or housings of machines under steady-state operating conditions within their nominal operating speed range. The requirements relate to both acceptance testing and operational monitoring. The evaluation criteria included in this document can be applied to both continuous and non-continuous monitoring situations. The requirements of this document cover machines which can have gears or rolling element bearings, but do not address the diagnostic evaluation of the condition of those gears or bearings. The requirements in this document are applicable only for the vibration produced by the machine set itself and not for vibration that is transmitted to the machine set from external sources.