土壤质量.用土壤改良剂筛选有毒元素污染土壤的指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了测量土壤磁化率（κ）的方法，该磁化率是潜在土壤污染/与技术性磁性粒子（TMP）相关的痕量元素污染的指标，并描述了相关程序、协议和指南，作为确定土壤痕量元素污染的筛选地球物理方法。测量结果用于绘制目标区域土壤磁化率图。从这些图中，可以区分出表示痕量元素总污染负荷高的磁化率升高和高的区域，以便通过地球化学方法进一步识别污染物。本文件适用于筛选所有与 TMP 相关的人为排放源，包括空气元素的长距离传输，其中 TMP 是载体和指标。此类排放源构成了大多数高温工业过程，其中铁以任何矿物形式存在于原材料、添加剂或燃料中，并转化为亚铁磁性氧化铁（例如化石固体和液体燃料燃烧、冶金、水泥和陶瓷工业、焦炭生产、工业废物填埋场、陆地运输）。本文件不适用于筛查与 TMP 无关的人为排放，例如有机污染物或农业源排放。注 1：铜、锌和其他有色金属矿石也含有铁（在许多硫化物中），因为这种元素在几乎所有环境中都很丰富。在冶炼过程中，硫化物中的铁转化为亚铁磁性氧化物 (TMP)。然而，在这种情况下，TMP 和相关 PTE 的比例通常低于煤燃烧或铁冶金时的比例，并且并非所有 PTE 都与 TMP 物理相关和通过 TMP 运输。非空气传播元素沉积在排放源附近，而 TMP 在这些情况下可用作空气传播元素和该地区冶炼厂总元素沉积空间分布的指标。在极少数情况下，一些土壤是在表现出高磁性的基岩上发育的，这可能导致假阳性结果。然而，这种影响可以通过沿土壤剖面测量磁化率轻松指示出来。当基岩表现出极高的磁信号时，这种方法不适用。注 2 这种情况很少见。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies methods for the measurements of magnetic susceptibility of soils ( κ ) as an indicator of potential soil pollution/contamination with trace elements associated with technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs) and describes related procedures, protocols and guidelines to be applied as a screening geophysical method of determination of soil pollution with trace elements. The results of measurements are used for preparing the maps of magnetic susceptibility of soils in the area of interest. From these maps, the areas of elevated and high magnetic susceptibility indicating high trace element total pollution load are discriminated for further identification of pollutants by geochemical methods. This document is applicable to screening all TMPs-related anthropogenic emission sources including long-range transport of airborne elements, of which TMPs are carriers and indicators. Such emission sources comprise the majority of high-temperature industrial processes, where iron is present in any mineralogical form in raw materials, additives or fuels, is transformed into ferrimagnetic iron oxides (e.g. fossil solid and liquid fuels combustion, metallurgy, cement and ceramics industry, coke production, industrial waste landfills, land transport). This document is not applicable to screening anthropogenic emissions not associated with TMPs, e.g. organic pollutants or emissions from agricultural sources. NOTE 1 Copper, zinc and other non-ferrous metal ores also contain iron (in many sulfides) as this element is abundant in almost all environments. During smelting, the iron occurring in sulfides is transformed into ferrimagnetic oxides (TMPs). However, in such cases, the proportion of TMPs and related PTEs is usually less than at coal combustion or iron metallurgy, for example, and not all PTEs are physically associated and transported by TMPs. Non-airborne elements are deposited in the close proximity of the emission source, while TMPs can be used in these cases as indicators of airborne elements and of the spatial distribution of the total element deposition from a smelter in the area. In rare cases, some soils are developed on bedrock exhibiting geogenically high magnetism, which can cause false-positive results. This influence can, however, be easily indicated by measurements of magnetic susceptibility along soil profiles. This method is not applicable when the bedrock exhibits extremely high magnetic signals. NOTE 2 Such cases are rare.