土壤质量.土壤和土壤类材料的后续化学和生态毒理试验的浸出程序.第3部分:上流渗滤试验

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了一项测试，旨在确定土壤和类土壤材料中无机和有机物质的浸出行为。 该方法是在标准化流速条件下进行的单程上流渗滤测试。 材料在动态水力条件下浸出。 该文件的开发目的是测量土壤和类土材料中无机和有机物质的释放，并产生用于后续生态毒理学测试的洗出液。 对于生态毒理学测试，请参见 ISO 15799[6] 和 ISO 17616[7]。 测试结果能够区分不同的释放模式，例如当材料和浸出剂之间接近局部平衡时，在与基质相互作用的影响下的冲刷和释放。 该测试方法产生洗出液，随后可以根据现有标准方法通过物理、化学和生态毒理学方法对其进行表征。 洗脱液分析结果以液/固 (L/S) 比的函数形式呈现。 该测试不适用于在环境条件下挥发的物质。 注 1：挥发性有机物质包括混合物中的低分子量物质，例如矿物油。 注 2：并不总是能够同时优化无机和有机物质的测试条件，并且不同有机物质组之间的最佳测试条件也可能有所不同。 有机物质的测试要求通常比无机物质更严格。 适用于测量有机物质释放的测试条件通常也适用于无机物质。 注3：在有机物质类别中，极性较大、相对水溶性的化合物与非极性、疏水性有机物质（HOC）之间存在显着的行为差异。 在后一种情况下，释放机制（例如颗粒结合或溶解的有机碳结合）以及可溶性HOC在与其接触的不同材料（例如瓶子、过滤器）上的吸附损失可能更为重要。 只有在充分考虑相关物质的具体性质和相关潜在问题的情况下，测试和结果才能用于有机物质的浸出。 注 4 对于生态毒理学测试，需要代表无机和有机物质释放的洗脱液。 在本文件中，生态毒理学测试还包括遗传毒理学测试。 注 5：该测试通常不适用于水力传导率低于 10−8 m/s 的土壤（另见附录 B）。 将指定流量维持在 10−7 m/s 和 10−8 m/s 之间的饱和导水率范围内可能很困难。 仅应用该测试方法不足以确定材料在不同于测试程序的特定条件下的浸出行为，因为这通常需要应用多种测试方法、行为建模和模型验证。 本文件不涉及与健康和安全相关的问题。 它仅确定第 4 条中概述的浸出特性。  [外文原描述]： This document specifies a test, which is aimed at determining the leaching behaviour of inorganic and organic substances from a soil and soil-like materials. The method is a once-through up-flow percolation test under standardized conditions of flow rate. The material is leached under dynamic hydraulic conditions. The document has been developed to measure the release of inorganic and organic substances from soil and soil-like material as well as to produce eluates for subsequent ecotoxicological testing. For ecotoxicological testing, see ISO 15799 [6] and ISO 17616 [7] . The test results enable the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between material and leachant. This test method produces eluates, which can subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and ecotoxicological methods in accordance with existing standard methods. The results of eluate analysis are presented as a function of the liquid/solid (L/S) ratio. The test is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions. NOTE 1 Volatile organic substances include the low-molecular-weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil. NOTE 2 It is not always possible to optimize test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances and optimum test conditions can also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test requirements for organic substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions suitable for measuring the release of organic substances will generally also be applicable to inorganic substances. NOTE 3 Within the category of organic substances, a significant difference in behaviour exists between the more polar, relatively water-soluble compounds and apolar, hydrophobic organic substances (HOCs). In the latter case, mechanisms of release (e.g. particle-bound or dissolved organic carbon-bound) can be more crucial as well as sorption losses of soluble HOCs on different materials with which they come in contact (e.g. bottles, filters). The test and the results should be used for leaching of organic substances only with thorough consideration of the specific properties of the substances in question and the associated potential problems. NOTE 4 For ecotoxicological testing, eluates representing the release of both inorganic and organic substances are needed. In this document, ecotoxicological testing is also meant to include genotoxicological testing. NOTE 5 The test is generally not suitable for soils with hydraulic conductivities below 10 −8 m/s (see also Annex B). It can be difficult to maintain the designated flow rate already in the range of saturated hydraulic conductivity between 10 −7 m/s and 10 −8 m/s. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the leaching behaviour of a material under specified conditions different to those from the test procedure, since this generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation. This document does not address issues related to health and safety. It only determines the leaching properties as outlined in Clause 4.