土壤质量.土壤和土壤类材料的后续化学和生态毒理试验的浸出程序.第4部分:pH对初始酸/碱加成浸出的影响

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了一项测试，以获得有关材料的短期和长期浸出行为和特性的信息。 该文件的开发目的是测量土壤和类土壤材料中无机和有机物质的 pH 依赖性释放，并产生用于后续生态毒理学测试的洗脱液。 对于生态毒理学测试，请参阅 ISO 15799 和 ISO 17616。 本文件中定义的平衡条件是通过添加预定量的酸或碱以达到所需的最终 pH 值来建立的。 注 1：挥发性有机物质包括混合物中的低分子量物质，例如矿物油。 注 2：并不总是能够同时优化无机和有机物质的测试条件，并且不同有机物质组之间的最佳测试条件也可能有所不同。 有机物质的测试要求通常比无机物质更严格。 适用于测量有机物质释放的测试条件通常也适用于无机物质。 注3：在有机物质类别中，极性较大、相对水溶性的化合物与非极性、疏水性有机物质（HOC）之间存在显着的行为差异。 在后一种情况下，释放机制（例如颗粒结合或溶解的有机碳结合）以及可溶性HOC在与其接触的不同材料（例如瓶子、过滤器）上的吸附损失可能更为重要。 只有在充分考虑相关物质的具体性质和相关潜在问题的情况下，测试和结果才能用于有机物质的浸出。 注 4 对于生态毒理学测试，需要代表无机和有机物质释放的洗脱液。 在本文件中，生态毒理学测试包括基因毒理学测试。 该测试方法产生洗出液，随后可以根据现有标准方法通过物理、化学和生态毒理学方法对其进行表征。 该测试不适用于在环境条件下挥发的物质。 就生态毒理学试验而言，相关的 pH 范围（见 8.2）通常为 pH 5 至 pH 9。 该试验主要用于常规和控制目的，不能单独用于描述所有浸出特性。 一块土壤。 为了实现这一扩展目标，需要进行额外的浸出测试。 本文件不涉及与健康和安全相关的问题。 它仅确定第 5 条中概述的浸出特性。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a test to obtain information on the short- and long-term leaching behaviour and characteristic properties of materials. The document has been developed to measure the pH-dependent release of inorganic and organic substances from soil and soil-like material as well as to produce eluates for subsequent ecotoxicological testing. For ecotoxicological testing, see ISO 15799 and ISO 17616. The equilibrium condition, as defined in this document, is established by the addition of predetermined amounts of acid or base to reach desired final pH values. NOTE 1 Volatile organic substances include the low molecular weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil. NOTE 2 It is not always possible to optimize test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances and optimum test conditions can also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test requirements for organic substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions suitable for measuring the release of organic substances will generally also be applicable to inorganic substances. NOTE 3 Within the category of organic substances, a significant difference in behaviour exists between the more polar, relatively water-soluble compounds and apolar, hydrophobic organic substances (HOCs). In the latter case, mechanisms of release (e.g. particle-bound or dissolved organic carbon-bound) can be more crucial as well as sorption losses of soluble HOCs on different materials with which they come in contact (e.g. bottles, filters). The test and the results should be used for leaching of organic substances only with thorough consideration of the specific properties of the substances in question and the associated potential problems. NOTE 4 For ecotoxicological testing, eluates representing the release of both inorganic and organic substances are needed. In this document, ecotoxicological testing is meant to include genotoxicological testing. The test method produces eluates, which can subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and ecotoxicological methods in accordance with existing standard methods. The test is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions. For the purposes of ecotoxicological tests, the relevant pH range (see 8.2) will usually be pH 5 to pH 9. This test is mainly aimed at being used for routine and control purposes, and it cannot be used alone to describe all leaching properties of a soil. Additional leaching tests are needed for that extended goal. This document does not address issues related to health and safety. It only determines the leaching properties outlined in Clause 5.