土壤质量 - 在生态毒理学测试中使用DNA条形码的一般指导

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了基于 DNA 条形码技术在物种水平上识别生态毒理学测试样本（主要是无脊椎动物和植物）的协议。 执行 DNA 条形码的实验室可以使用该协议，以尽可能标准化湿实验室和数据分析工作流程，并使其符合社区标准和指南。 本文件无意为每种测试方法指定一种特定菌株，而是准确记录所使用的物种/菌株。 注 1：这并不意味着 DNA 条形码与每次测试运行并行进行，而是定期进行（例如每年一次，例如参考物质测试）以及每次开始新培养或将新个体添加到正在进行的培养时。 本文件的目的不是复制或替换基于形态学的物种鉴定。 相反，DNA条形码被提议作为形态学不确定的补充识别工具，或诊断神秘物种，以确保从不同生态毒理学实验室获得的结果指的是同一物种或菌株。 本文件适用于缺乏形态诊断特征的未成熟形式（卵、幼虫、幼虫）的鉴定，以及对现场监测研究中收集的标本的简化鉴定，其中对来自不同类群的大量生物进行了分类。 注2：原则上，所有经常用于生态毒理学测试的物种都可以通过DNA条形码进行分析。 除了 Eisenia fetida 和 E. andrei 之外，陆生物种的其他例子还有 Lumbricus terrestris、L. rubellus、Allolobophora greentica、Aporectodea Rosea 和 A. caliginosa、Dendrodrilus rubidus、Enchytraeus albidus 和 E. crypticus (Haplotaxida)； Folsomia candida、F. fimetaria、Proisotoma minuta 和 Sinella curviseta（跳虫）； Hypoaspis aculeifer 和 Oppia nitens (Acari)； Aleochara bilineata 和 Poecilus cupreus (鞘翅目)； Scatophaga stercoraria、MuscaAutumnalis（双翅目）或 Pardosa sp。 （蜘蛛纲）。 线虫或蜗牛甚至植物也可以添加到这个列表中。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a protocol to identify ecotoxicological test specimens (mainly invertebrates and plants) to the species level, based on the DNA barcoding technique. This protocol can be used by laboratories performing DNA barcoding in order to standardize both the wet-lab and data analysis workflows as much as possible, and make them compliant with community standards and guidelines. This document does not intend to specify one particular strain for each test method, but to accurately document the species/strain which was used. NOTE 1 This does not imply that DNA barcoding is performed in parallel to each test run, but rather regularly (e.g. once a year, such as reference substance testing) and each time a new culture is started or new individuals are added to an ongoing culture. This document does not aim at duplicating or replacing morphological-based species identifications. On the contrary, DNA barcoding is proposed as a complementary identification tool where morphology is inconclusive, or to diagnose cryptic species, in order to ensure that the results obtained from different ecotoxicological laboratories are referring to the same species or strain. This document is applicable to identifications of immature forms which lack morphological diagnostic characters (eggs, larvae, juveniles), as well as the streamline identification of specimens collected in field monitoring studies, where large numbers of organisms from diverse taxa are classified. NOTE 2 In principle, all species regularly used in ecotoxicological testing can be analysed by DNA barcoding. Besides the earthwoms Eisenia fetida and E. andrei , further examples for terrestrial species are Lumbricus terrestris , L. rubellus , Allolobophora chlorotica , Aporrectodea rosea, and A. caliginosa , Dendrodrilus rubidus, Enchytraeus albidus, and E. crypticus (Haplotaxida); Folsomia candida , F. fimetaria, Proisotoma minuta, and Sinella curviseta (Collembola); Hypoaspis aculeifer and Oppia nitens (Acari); Aleochara bilineata and Poecilus cupreus (Coleoptera); Scathophaga stercoraria, Musca autumnalis (Diptera) or Pardosa sp. (Arachnida). Nematodes or snails and even plants can also be added to this list.