建筑构造.建成环境的可访问性和可用性

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了与建筑物的可用性和可达性的设计和施工方面相关的建筑元素、建筑组件、部件、配件和产品的一系列要求和建议，即建筑物的通道、建筑物内的流通、建筑物的出口正常情况下的疏散以及发生火灾时的疏散。 本文件也适用于多单元住宅楼的公共空间。 附件 A 中给出了有关住宅单元的建议。 本文件还包含与从相关场地边界进入建筑物或一组建筑物或同一场地内的此类建筑物之间直接相关的室外特征的规定。 本文件不涉及外部环境要素，例如公共开放空间，其功能是独立的，与特定建筑物的使用无关。 本文件适用于新建建筑和现有建筑的新工程。 本文件引入了“现有建筑的特殊考虑”的概念，适用于特别难以满足指定要求并因此不可能提供完全无障碍的情况。 通过“对现有建筑的特殊考虑”，指定了可接受但有限的可达性水平。 在经济和/或技术上可行的情况下，对现有建筑物的特殊考虑不得应用于其他情况或以不合理的方式援引，或作为未实现更高水平可达性的借口。 本文件中所述与轮椅使用相关的尺寸与 ISO 7176-5 和 ISO/TR 13570-2 中规定的常用轮椅尺寸和使用者的占地面积有关，宽 800 毫米，长 1300 毫米。 本文件主要是为残疾成年人编写的，但也包括一些关于儿童特定无障碍需求的建议。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a range of requirements and recommendations for the elements of construction, building assemblies, components, fittings and products that relate to the design and constructional aspects of usability and accessibility of buildings, i.e. access to buildings, circulation within buildings, egress from buildings during normal conditions, and evacuation in the event of a fire. This document also applies to the common spaces in multi-unit residential buildings. Recommendations regarding residential units are given in Annex A. This document also contains provisions with respect to outdoor features directly concerned with access to a building or a group of buildings from a relevant site boundary, or between such a group of buildings within a common site. This document does not deal with elements of the external environment, such as public open spaces, whose function is self-contained and unrelated to the use of a specific building. This document is applicable to new buildings and new work in existing buildings. This document introduces the concept of ‘exceptional considerations for existing buildings’ for situations where it is exceptionally difficult to meet the requirements specified and, thus, impossible to provide full accessibility. By means of ‘exceptional considerations for existing buildings’, an acceptable, though restricted, level of accessibility is specified. An exceptional consideration for existing buildings is not to be applied in other situations or invoked in an unjustified manner, or as an excuse for not achieving a higher level of accessibility, where this is economically and/or technically feasible. The dimensions stated in this document, relevant to the use of wheelchairs, are related to the footprint of commonly used wheelchair sizes and users as specified in ISO 7176-5 and ISO/TR 13570-2, 800 mm wide and 1 300 mm long. This document is primarily written for adults with disabilities, but it includes some recommendations on specific accessibility needs of children.