测量不确定估计的重复性,再现性和真实评估值的使用指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件提供了关于使用依据ISO 5725-2进行的研究获得的数据来评估测量不确定度的指导，以及将协作研究结果与使用不确定度传播正式原则（见第14条）获得的测量不确定度（MU）进行比较的指导。ISO 5725-3为中间精度的研究提供了其他模型。然而，虽然相同的一般方法可应用于使用此类扩展模型，但本文件未纳入使用这些模型进行的不确定度评估。本文件适用于所有需要确定结果相关不确定度的测量和测试领域。本文件未描述在缺乏 reproducibility（再现性）数据时重复性数据的应用。本文件假设公认的、不可忽略的系统效应已得到纠正，要么作为测量方法的一部分应用数值修正，要么通过调查和消除效应的原因来纠正。本文件中的建议主要是指导性的。公认的是，虽然 presented recommendations 构成了许多用途下评估不确定度的有效方法，但也可以采用其他适当的方法。一般地，本文件中提到的测量结果、方法和过程通常也适用于测试结果、方法和过程。 [外文原描述]： ISO 21748:2017 gives guidance for - evaluation of measurement uncertainties using data obtained from studies conducted in accordance with ISO 5725‑2, and - comparison of collaborative study results with measurement uncertainty (MU) obtained using formal principles of uncertainty propagation (see Clause 14). ISO 5725‑3 provides additional models for studies of intermediate precision. However, while the same general approach may be applied to the use of such extended models, uncertainty evaluation using these models is not incorporated in this document. ISO 21748:2017 is applicable to all measurement and test fields where an uncertainty associated with a result has to be determined. ISO 21748:2017 does not describe the application of repeatability data in the absence of reproducibility data. ISO 21748:2017 assumes that recognized, non-negligible systematic effects are corrected, either by applying a numerical correction as part of the method of measurement, or by investigation and removal of the cause of the effect. The recommendations in this document are primarily for guidance. It is recognized that while the recommendations presented do form a valid approach to the evaluation of uncertainty for many purposes, it is also possible to adopt other suitable approaches. In general, references to measurement results, methods and processes in this document are normally understood to apply also to testing results, methods and processes.