标准摘要
[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了在未经任何初步环境暴露或预处理的情况下，在海洋环境中显示原始塑料材料和聚合物固有生物降解性的测试方法和标准。本文件中采用的测试方法是在有氧条件下在中温范围内进行的，旨在显示最终的生物降解性，即转化为二氧化碳、水和生物质。本文件既不评估受管制的金属或对环境有害的物质等成分，也不评估潜在的生态毒性作用，而只评估固有的生物降解性。这些方面将在单独的标准中考虑，该标准涵盖有意或无意排放到海洋环境中的产品的整体环境影响。本文件不涵盖由可生物降解塑料材料和可生物降解聚合物制成的产品的性能。用可生物降解塑料材料制成的产品在海洋中的寿命和生物降解率通常受特定环境条件以及厚度和形状的影响。尽管结果可能表明，所测试的塑料材料和聚合物在指定的测试条件下以一定的速率生物降解，但任何实验室暴露的结果都不能直接推断到实际使用或泄漏地点的海洋环境中。本文件不适用于可生物降解塑料材料的“海洋可生物降解”声明。为此，请参阅相关产品标准（如有）。本文件中规定的测试方案没有提供足够的信息来确定受试材料的特定生物降解率（即单位可用表面积的速率）。为此，请参阅有关特定生物降解率的相关标准（如有）。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies test methods and criteria for showing intrinsic biodegradability in marine environments of virgin plastic materials and polymers without any preliminary environmental exposure or pre-treatment. Test methods applied in this document are carried out at temperatures in the mesophilic range under aerobic conditions and are aimed to show ultimate biodegradability, i.e. conversion into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. This document neither assesses the constituents, such as regulated metals or substances hazardous to the environment, nor potential ecotoxic effects but intrinsic biodegradability only. These aspects will be considered in a separate standard covering the overall environmental impact of products intentionally or accidentally released in the marine environment. This document does not cover the performance of products made from biodegradable plastic materials and biodegradable polymers. Lifetime and biodegradation rates in the sea of products made with biodegradable plastic materials are generally affected by the specific environmental conditions and by thickness and shape. Although results might indicate that the tested plastic materials and polymers biodegrade under the specified test conditions at a certain rate, the results of any laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to marine environments at the actual site of use or leakage. This document is not applicable for "marine biodegradable" claims of biodegradable plastic materials. For such purpose, see relevant product standards, if available. The testing scheme specified in this document does not provide sufficient information for determining the specific biodegradation rate (i.e. the rate per available surface area) of the material under testing. For such purpose, see relevant standards about specific biodegradation rate, if available.
英文名称Plastics — Assessment of the intrinsic biodegradability of materials exposed to marine inocula under mesophilic aerobic laboratory conditions — Test methods and requirements