核燃料技术 - 烧结（U Pu）O2颗粒 - 陶瓷制备用于显微组织检查的指导

[中文适用范围]： 本文件适用于燃料组件。它描述了用于定性和定量检查(\(\mathrm{U}, \mathrm{Pu}\))\(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)压 pellet微观结构的陶瓷图 Procedure。 检查可在以下情况下进行：a) 在任何处理或腐蚀之前，以及 b) 在热处理之后或在化学或离子腐蚀之后。它们允许观察任何裂纹、内部和外部颗粒孔隙或夹杂，并测量粒径、孔隙率和钚均匀分布。 平均粒径可通过经典方法之一测量：计数（截线法）、与标准网格或典型图像比较等12。 个别粒径的测量需要在整个试样上均匀发育微观结构。 钚聚集体和孔隙的分布和定位通常通过自动图像分析系统进行。钚的分布通常由化学腐蚀或α自显影揭示。还可以使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）或微探针。在这种情况下，可能需要根据使用的设备进行额外准备。此准备工作不在本标准范围内。 [外文原描述]： This document is applied to fuel fabrication. It describes the ceramographic procedure used to prepare sintered (U,Pu)O 2 pellets for qualitative and quantitative examination of the (U,Pu)O 2 pellet microstructure. The examinations are performed a) before any treatment or any etching, and b) after thermal treatment or after chemical or ion etching. They allow — observation of any cracks, intra- and intergranular pores or inclusions, and — measurement of the grain size, porosity and plutonium homogeneity distribution. The mean grain diameter is measured by one of the classic methods: counting (intercept method), comparison with standard grids or typical images, etc. [ 2 ] . The measurement of individual grain sizes requires uniform development of the microstructure over the entire specimen. The plutonium cluster and pore distribution and localization are generally analysed by automatic image analysis systems. The plutonium distribution is usually revealed by chemical etching or by alpha autoradiography. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a microprobe can also be used. In this case an additional preparation can be needed depending on the equipment used. This preparation is not in the scope of this standard.