再利用工业废水软化和脱盐指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件为工业废水回收和再利用的废水软化和海水淡化工艺的评估和比较提供了指导，具体考虑以下六项：1）化学沉淀； 2）离子交换； 3）纳滤（NF）； 4）反渗透（RO）； 5)电渗析(ED)和6)电去离子(EDI)。 本文件为进水和出水质量（例如硬度、碱度等）的表征以及这些过程对这些成分的影响提供了指导。 软化淡化的目的仅针对对硬度和盐度有要求的回用用途，如冷却循环水、锅炉水、生产工艺水、清洗水等。 本文件包括废水软化和海水淡化工艺的以下子工艺： a) 基于化学沉淀、离子交换和纳滤的废水软化工艺，旨在去除硬度离子，例如 Mg2+ 和 Ca2+； b) 基于离子交换、RO、ED、EDI 和 NF 的海水淡化工艺，旨在去除大部分总溶解固体 (TDS)。 本标准适用于： a) 工业含盐废水，必要时已预处理去除大部分有机物； b) 选择或设计废水软化和海水淡化工艺，以实现工业废水的再利用。 [外文原描述]： This document provides guidance on, the evaluation and comparison of wastewater softening and desalination processes for industrial wastewater reclamation and reuse with specific consideration for the following six: 1) chemical precipitation; 2) ion exchange; 3) nanofiltration (NF); 4) reverse osmosis (RO); 5) electrodialysis (ED) and 6) electrodeionization (EDI). This document provides guidance on the characterisation of both influent and effluent quality (e.g. hardness, alkalinity, etc.) and the effects of these processes on those constituents. The purpose of softening and desalination is only for the reuse usages that have requirements for hardness and salinity, such as cooling circulating water, boiler water, production process water, and cleaning water. This document includes the following sub-processes of wastewater softening and desalination processes: a) wastewater softening processes based on chemical precipitation, ion exchange and NF, which aim to remove hardness ions, such as Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ; b) desalination processes based on ion exchange, RO, ED, EDI and NF, which aim to remove the most of total dissolved solids (TDS). This document is applicable to: a) industrial saline wastewater, which has been pre-treated to remove most of the organic matters if necessary; b) the selection or design of wastewater softening and desalination processes for reuse of wastewater from industries.