重型商用车辆和客车.悬架运动特性和顺应性特性测定用特性的定义

[中文适用范围]： 本文件适用于重型车辆，即最大重量超过 3.5 吨的卡车和拖车以及最大重量超过 5 吨的公共汽车中定义的商用车辆和公共汽车。 本文件描述了影响车辆稳定性和动态行为的车辆悬架运动学和顺应性 (K&C) 特性，并概述了常见的测量方法。 这些方法适用于重型车辆。 测量在单个单元上进行，通常一次在一个或两个轴上进行。 本文件将定义或引用表征和模拟车辆悬架性能所需的关键悬架运动学和合规性参数。 这些参数还提供了准静态行为的系统级描述，可以级联到子系统和组件性能目标中。 提供了确定车辆一端的悬架特性所需的悬架变量，即对于单轴或多轴通过悬架配置（例如，步进梁）相互关联。 不包括与前后悬架之间的底盘连接相关的指标。 将讨论一些典型的测量方法，但是有关如何执行测量的详细信息不在本文档的范围内。 [外文原描述]： This document applies to heavy vehicles—that is, to commercial vehicles and buses as defined in ISO 3833—that are covered by the categories M3, N2, N3, O3, and O4 of ECE and EC vehicle regulations. These categories pertain to trucks and trailers with maximum weights above 3,5 tonnes and to buses with maximum weights above 5 tonnes. Vehicle suspension kinematic and compliance (K&C) properties that impact vehicle stability and dynamic behaviour are described in this document and common methods of measurement are outlined. These methods are applicable to heavy vehicles. The measurements are performed on a single unit and typically one or two axles at a time. This document will define or reference the key suspension kinematic and compliance parameters necessary for characterizing and simulating vehicle suspension performance. These parameters also provide system-level descriptions of quasi-static behaviour that can be cascaded into subsystem and component performance targets. The suspension variables required for determining suspension characterization of one vehicle end, i.e. for a single axle or for multiple axles inter-related through suspension configuration (for example, walking-beam), are provided. Metrics pertaining to the chassis connection between the front and rear suspensions are not included. Some typical methods of measurement will be discussed, however detail on how the measurements are executed is not within the scope of this document.