重型商用车和客车车辆动力学仿真和验证用于在干燥铺砌路面上运行的重型车辆组合横向估计的轮胎模型

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了一种通用轮胎模型和模型参数，用于计算轮胎侧向力，用于重型商用车组合的侧向稳定性模拟，并根据轮胎测量数据估算测试用例。如果没有轮胎数据，可以使用本文件中提出的参数。本文件的一个典型应用领域是比较和排名各种车辆组合配置的道路侧向和滚动稳定性。这种评估通常在接近公共道路的典型恒定速度水平下进行，通常高于 40 公里/小时。然而，轮胎模型对于高速和低速操纵都有用。当纵向力很小（通常小于峰值纵向摩擦利用率的 10%）时，该轮胎模型适用于表示轮胎在车辆组合上的横向性能。轮胎模型可用于从零到轮胎标称法向力的两倍的法向力。该轮胎模型是为中度侧滑条件而开发的；在轮胎滑移角超过 15° 的情况下，必须谨慎使用该模型。该轮胎模型适用于在偏航和滚转平面内运行的车辆模型，在操纵过程中，这些车辆模型自然会包含车轮之间的垂直载荷转移。轮胎模型也可用于复杂度较低的模型，例如纯偏航平面模型。本文件适用于重型车辆，包括商用车、商用车组合、公共汽车和铰接式公共汽车，定义见 ISO 3833（根据 ECE 和 EC 车辆分类，M3、N2、N3、O3 和 O4 类别，最大重量超过 3.5 吨的卡车和拖车以及最大重量超过 5 吨的公共汽车和铰接式公共汽车）。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a generic tyre model and model parameters for calculating lateral tyre forces, for use in lateral stability simulations of heavy commercial vehicle combinations with test cases according to ISO 14791. This tyre model is parameterized by easily understandable characteristics which can be estimated from tyre measurement data. If tyre data is not available, the parameters proposed in this document can be used. One typical application area of this document is the comparing and ranking of various vehicle combination configurations with respect to on-road lateral and roll stability. Such an assessment is usually performed at close to constant speed levels typical for public roads, usually higher than 40 km/h. The tyre model, however, can be useful for both high- and low-speed manoeuvring. This tyre model is relevant for representing the lateral performance of tyres on a vehicle combination when the longitudinal forces are insignificant, typically less than 10 % of the peak longitudinal friction utilization. The tyre model can be used for normal forces ranging from zero to twice the nominal normal force of the tyre. This tyre model has been developed for moderate lateral slip conditions; it is important that the model is used with care for scenarios where tyre slip angle exceeds 15°. This tyre model is suitable for vehicle models operating in the yaw and roll plane which naturally include vertical load transfer between the wheels during manoeuvring. The tyre model can also be used in models with less complexity such as pure yaw plane models. This document applies to heavy vehicles, including commercial vehicles, commercial vehicle combinations, buses and articulated buses as defined in ISO 3833 (trucks and trailers with a maximum weight above 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses with a maximum weight above 5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4).