通过小角 X 射线散射 (SAXS) 测定颗粒浓度

[中文适用范围]： 本文讨论了小角度 X 射线散射 (SAXS) 在测量悬浮液中粒子浓度方面的应用。本文仅处理足够单分散的球形粒子的浓度，这意味着尺寸分布的宽度通常低于平均直径的约 50%。在这里，可以根据形状因子计算微分散射截面，形状因子仅取决于动量传递 q 和粒子半径 r。此外，本文仅限于稀系统。SAXS 意义上的稀系统意味着不存在粒子相互作用。在长程相互作用（粒子之间的库仑力）的情况下，需要特别小心，并且可能需要降低浓度。 [外文原描述]： This document deals with the application of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for the measurement of the particle concentration in suspensions. In this document, only the concentration of sufficiently monodisperse spherical particles is treated, which means that the width of the size distribution is typically below about 50 % of the mean diameter. Here, the differential scattering cross section can be calculated based on the form factor, which depends only on the momentum transfer q and the particle radius r . Furthermore, this document is limited to dilute systems. A dilute system in the sense of SAXS means that particle interactions are absent. In case of long-range interactions (Coulomb forces between the particles), special care needs to be taken and a reduction of the concentration can be necessary.