标准摘要
[中文适用范围]： 本文件描述了通过α谱测量法测定各种样品（土壤、沉积物、建筑材料、食品、水、空气、生物指标、人类生物样本如尿液、粪便等）中的α发射性核素的一般测试方法。该方法可用于任何类型的环境研究或监测α发射性核素的活度。如果相关，则需要对样品进行适当的预处理，然后进行特定的化学分离以获得适合α谱测量的薄源。本方法可用来确定含有α发射性核素（如²¹⁰Po、²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Th、²²⁹Th、²³⁰Th、²³²Th、²³²U、²³⁴U、²³⁵U、²³⁸U、²³⁸Pu、²³⁹*²⁴⁰Pu、²⁴¹Am或²⁴³*²⁴⁴Cm）样品的活度、特定活度或浓度。本方法可测量非常低水平的活动，比通常自然存在的α发射性核素活动低一个或两个数量级。UNSCAR 2000和UNSCAR 2008的附录B（分别给出了空气、食物、饮用水和土壤及建筑材料中的典型自然活度浓度）。测试方法的检测限取决于分析的样品材料量（质量或体积）、化学产率、测量源的厚度和计数时间。根据预期样品的活性和要实现的检测限，需要采集和分析的样品数量取决于这些因素。 [外文原描述]： This document describes a generic test method for measuring alpha emitting radionuclides, for all types of samples (soil, sediment, construction material, foodstuff, water, airborne, environmental bio-indicator, human biological samples as urine, faeces etc.) by alpha spectrometry. This method can be used for any type of environmental study or monitoring of alpha emitting radionuclides activities. If relevant, this test method requires appropriate sample pre-treatment followed by specific chemical separation of the test portion in order to obtain a thin source proper to alpha spectrometry measurement. This test method can be used to determine the activity, specific activity or activity concentration of a sample containing alpha emitting radionuclides such as 210 Po, 226 Ra, 228 Th, 229 Th, 230 Th, 232 Th, 232 U, 234 U, 235 U, 238 U, 238 Pu, 239+240 Pu, 241 Am or 243+244 Cm. This test method can be used to measure very low levels of activity, one or two orders of magnitude less than the usual natural levels of alpha emitting radionuclides. Annexes B of UNSCEAR 2000 and UNSCEAR 2008 (References [4] and [5]) give, respectively, typical natural activity concentrations for air, foods, drinking waters and, soils and building materials. The detection limit of the test method depends on the amount of the sample material analysed (mass or volume) after concentration, chemical yield, thickness of measurement source and counting time. The quantity of the sample to be collected and analysed depends on the expected activity of the sample and the detection limit to achieve.
英文名称Measurement of radioactivity — Alpha emitting radionuclides — Generic test method using alpha spectrometry