随机抽样和随机化规程

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准定义了随机抽样和随机化的程序。提供了几种方法，包括基于机械装置、随机数表和便携式计算机算法的方法。本国际标准适用于任何法规、合同或其他标准要求使用随机抽样或随机化的情况。这些方法适用于以下情况：a) 对以批形式呈现进行检验的离散单位进行验收抽样；b) 用于调查目的的抽样；c) 对质量管理体系结果的审核；d) 在实施设计实验时选择实验单位、分配处理并确定评估顺序。还包括信息以促进质量管理人员或监管机构要求的随机抽样或随机化结果的审核或其他外部审查。本国际标准不提供关于在任何特定实验情况下应使用何种适当的随机抽样或随机化程序的指导，也不提供关于可能的抽样策略选择或样本量确定的指导。应咨询其他 ISO 标准（如引言中列出的标准）或权威参考文献以获取此类领域的指导。 [外文原描述]： ISO 24153:2009 defines procedures for random sampling and randomization. Several methods are provided, including approaches based on mechanical devices, tables of random numbers, and portable computer algorithms. ISO 24153:2009 is applicable whenever a regulation, contract, or other standard requires random sampling or randomization to be used. The methods are applicable to such situations as a) acceptance sampling of discrete units presented for inspection in lots, b) sampling for survey purposes, c) auditing of quality management system results, and d) selecting experimental units, allocating treatments to them, and determining evaluation order in the conduct of designed experiments. Information is also included to facilitate auditing or other external review of random sampling or randomization results where this is required by quality management personnel or regulatory bodies. ISO 24153:2009 does not provide guidance as to the appropriate random sampling or randomization procedures to be used for any particular experimental situation or give guidance with respect to possible sampling strategy selection or sample size determination. Other ISO International Standards (such as ISO 2859, ISO 3951, ISO 8422, ISO 8423, ISO 13448, ISO 14560, ISO 18414, ISO 21247 and ISO 11648) or authoritative references should be consulted for guidance in such areas.