放射防护

[中文适用范围]： 本文件旨在促进数据和信息报告格式的协调，以便为职业暴露评估提供基础，从而允许在用户层面、技术审查层面、国家层面和全球层面（如联合国辐射科学委员会）对职业暴露数据库或登记册进行基准测试。本数据库或登记册中包含的活动部门和职业（其中雇员被归类为职业暴露工人）以及与职业暴露有关的剂量类型和不同关注值描述如下。典型的国家剂量登记册 (NDR)： — 包含该国职业就业和工资统计 (OEW) 的个人、就业和剂量数据。 — 协助国家当局控制和保管职业剂量并允许进行统计评估（例如剂量趋势以回答监管机构和其他机构的要求）。 — 协助监管控制，通知监管机构其管辖范围内的过度暴露情况及其各自设施中的许可证持有人。 — 有助于健康研究和有关职业暴露于电离辐射的风险的科学知识。 — 为个体工人和组织提供剂量历史，用于工作规划以及赔偿和诉讼案件。NDR 提供的所有信息，包括剂量历史，都可能受保密要求的约束。本文件针对国家剂量登记处，但也可能适用于向国家剂量登记处提供数据的剂量测定服务。注：除其他原因外，这种针对不同部门的职业辐射剂量数据库或登记册将允许准备更多全球调查所需的数据，例如联合国辐射科学委员会进行的调查和其他数据库，如国际原子能机构的医学、工业和研究职业暴露信息系统 (ISEMIR)、职业暴露信息系统 (ISOE) 和欧洲职业辐射暴露平台 (ESOREX‑Platform)。目前，由于格式不同，对国家统计数据的国际描述通常不完整或不准确，最终，许多国家尚未建立数据比较。本标准定义了一种通用且易于共享的格式，用于收集可靠、可追溯且可直接比较的活动部门和职业的个人和集体暴露数据。本文件涉及：a) 活动部门和职业的通用列表，以及 b) 关于职业暴露的剂量类型和不同关注值的通用且易于共享的格式，以便收集一致且可直接比较的个人和集体暴露数据。1 [外文原描述]： The objective of this document is to promote the harmonization of data and information reporting formats in order to provide the basis for the evaluation of occupational exposure with a view to allow for benchmarking capacity at the user level, technical review level, country level and global level (such as UNSCEAR) database or register on occupational exposure. Activity sectors and occupations (where employees are classified as occupationally exposed workers) that is included in this database or register as well as dose types and different values of interest concerning occupational exposure are described as follows. A typical national dose register (NDR): — contains personal, employment, and dosimetric data of occupational employment and wage statistics (OEWs) in the country. — assists national authorities in controlling and safekeeping of the occupational doses and to allow statistical evaluations (e.g., dose trends to answer requests from regulators and others). — assists in regulatory control by notifying regulatory authorities of overexposures within their jurisdiction and the licensee in their respective facility. — contributes to health research and to the scientific knowledge on risks from occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. — provides dose histories to individual workers and organizations for work planning and for compensation and litigation cases. All information provided by the NDR, including dose histories, may be subject to confidentiality requirements. This document is aimed at national dose registries but may be also applicable to dosimetry services that provide data to national dose registries. NOTE Such a database or register on occupational radiation dose for different sectors will, among other reasons, allow to prepare the data necessary for more global surveys, such as those undertaken by the UNSCEAR and other databases such as IAEA’s Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine, Industry and Research (ISEMIR), Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) and the European Platform for Occupational Radiation Exposure (ESOREX‑Platform). Presently, as the formats are different, the international description of national statistics is often incomplete or inaccurate, and in the end, the comparison of data is not established yet in many countries. This standard defines a common and easily shared format to collect reliable, traceable and directly comparable data on individual and collective exposure in activity sectors and occupations as defined in a common way. This document addresses: a) a common list of activity sectors and occupations, and b) a common and easily shared format about dose types and different values of interest concerning occupational exposure in order to collect consistent and directly comparable data on individual and collective exposure.