饮用水、废水和雨水系统和服务.现场生活废水服务的操作和维护

[中文适用范围]： 本文件为现场家庭污水服务的运行和维护（O&M）提供指导和规范，适用于任何发展水平的适当技术。本文件补充了ISO 24513和ISO 24521，并旨在与其一起使用。本文件向相关机构、培训机构、认证机构和其他负责实体提供了制定法规、计划和手册以及面向操作员和用户的信息和培训材料的辅助。本文件适用于公共或私人运营的家庭污水（黑水和灰水）系统，这些系统为一个或多个住宅或其他产生污水的场所服务。本文件的范围包括以下内容：从操作员的角度来看，现场家庭污水系统的运行和维护；从用户的角度来看，现场家庭污水系统的运行和维护；培训和信息方面；以及环境、健康和安全问题。本文件不包括以下内容：现场家庭污水系统（ODWS）的设计细节；污水或污泥排放的可接受限值；分析方法；污水活动管理结构；合同或分包内容。 NOTE 1 在农村地区和发展中地区，通常由场所的所有者提供对现场家庭污水系统的管理。在这种情况下，场所所有者自行进行管理。本文件中的“服务”一词包括场所所有者或用户提供的“自服务”。 NOTE 2 尤其在未开发地区，卫生污水以未稀释形式收集。本文件中提到的卫生污水来源是家庭污水，不包括暴雨径流。 NOTE 3 根据当地背景，将活动指定为运行活动或维护活动可能会有所不同。然而，重要的是要确保对现场家庭污水系统正常运行至关重要的活动得到执行，无论这些活动如何命名。 [外文原描述]： This document provides guidance and specifications for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of on-site domestic wastewater services, using appropriate technologies at any level of development. This document supplements and is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 24513 and ISO 24521 . This document provides assistance to relevant authorities, training organizations, certification bodies and other responsible entities for the development of regulations, plans and manuals, as well as information and training materials addressed to operators and users of on-site domestic wastewater systems (ODWS). This document is applicable to both publicly and privately operated on-site domestic wastewater (blackwater and greywater) systems for one or more dwellings or other premises where wastewater is generated. The scope of this document includes the following: — O&M of ODWS from the operator’s perspective; — O&M of ODWS from the user’s perspective; — training and information aspects; — environmental, health and safety issues. The following are outside the scope of this document: — detailed design of ODWS; — limits of acceptability for discharge of wastewater or sludge; — analytical methods; — management structure of wastewater services’ activities for O&M; — content of contracts or subcontracts. NOTE 1 Management of ODWS, especially in rural areas and areas under development, is sometimes provided by the owners of the premises where wastewater is generated. In such cases, the owners of the premises carry out the management themselves. In this document, the term “services” includes “self-services” provided by the owners or users of the premises. NOTE 2 Especially in undeveloped areas, sanitary wastewater is collected in an undiluted form. Sources of sanitary wastewater in this document are domestic, excluding stormwater runoff. NOTE 3 The designation of activities as operation activities or maintenance activities can differ according to the local context. However, it is important that activities essential for the proper functioning of ODWS are carried out, no matter how these activities are designated.