分散式废水处理和/或再利用规划中成本分析的一般原则和指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了一般原则，并为完整废水管理系统的生命周期成本的定量特征提供了指导，包括收集、处理和（可选）再利用。 它可以考虑不同程度的分布，包括一处或多处住宅的无下水道系统以及相关的货运业务。 本文件提供的方法适用于城市或农村地区，其中多个分散的废水处理和再利用系统可以提供比单个集中工厂更低的成本解决方案。 同样，相同的方法也适用于工业再利用系统，可以考虑在大型工业场地上使用多个独立的工厂来代替一个处理系统。 本文件的范围包括以下内容： a) 关于确定分散式废水处理和回用系统分布程度的指南。 b) 废水管理系统不同程度分布的生命周期成本中包含的要素和组成部分的定义，包括建设、运行和维护。 c) 计算生命周期成本指标所需步骤的指南，包括期限和利息、运营和维护、更换零件、设备预期寿命、再利用水的价值和副产品的其他收入的考虑。 d) 报告结果指标的定义，包括单位成本、范围、期限和利益。 以下二次成本和其他考虑因素不属于本文件的范围： ——系统最终处置的成本； ——废水处理工艺选择和设计指南； ——健康和可持续性考虑（尽管健康和可持续性是设计和决策的主要考虑因素）； ——社会影响因素和/或环境风险和影响。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies the general principles and provides guidance on the quantitative characterization of the life cycle cost of a complete wastewater management system, including collection, treatment and, optionally, reuse. It enables the consideration of different degrees of distribution, including non-sewered systems for one or more dwellings and associated trucking operations. The methodology provided in this document is applicable to urban or rural areas wherein several decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse systems can provide a lower cost solution than a single centralized plant. Similarly, the same methodology can be applied for industrial reuse systems, where several separate plants on a large industrial site can be considered instead of one treatment system. The scope of this document includes the following: a) Guidance on the determination of the degrees of distribution of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse systems. b) A definition of the elements and components included in the life cycle cost of the different degrees of distribution in wastewater management systems, including construction, operation and maintenance. c) Guidance on the required steps for calculating life cycle cost indicators, including considerations of term and interest, operation and maintenance, replacement parts, equipment life expectancy, the value of water for reuse and other income from by-products. d) A definition of the metrics for reporting results, including the cost per unit, scope, term and interest. The following secondary costs and other considerations are not within the scope of this document: — cost of eventual disposal of the system; — guidance on wastewater treatment process selection and design; — health and sustainability considerations (although health and sustainability are primary considerations in design and decisions); — social impact factors and/or environmental risks and impacts.