语言资源管理. 语义注释框架(SemAF). 第8部分: 话语中的语义关系, 核心注释模式(DR核心)

[中文适用范围]： 本文件确立了本地、'低级别'会话语境关系在同一会话中的表示和注释，在此会话中，每个关系都是独立注释的，与其他任何关系无关。本文件为标注会话语境关系提供了一个基础，通过指定一组核心会话语境关系，并且其中许多关系在不同的框架中有相似的定义。在尽可能的情况下，本文件提供了在不同框架之间映射语义。本文件适用于以下两种情况：——用于对自然语言语料库中的会话语境关系进行标注；——作为自动方法对浅层会话分析、摘要和其他应用的目标表示。本规范的具体目标是提供：——一组数据类别，定义了一系列会话语境关系类型，并具有一个显式的语义；——基于轴心表示的框架，用于在现有资源的基础上进行映射；——为定义会话语境关系的指南制定基础，从而能够创建立即互操作的新资源。就会话语境结构而言，本文件对特定规范的限制是注释本地、'低级别'会话语境关系，其依据是：（a）在此级别的分析是众所周知且可以清晰定义的；（b）如果需要进一步扩展以表示更高层次的全局会话语境结构是可以实现的；（c）即使它们基于不同的会话语境结构理论，它也允许注释结果在不同框架之间兼容。作为ISO 24617语义标注框架（“SemAF”）的一部分，本DR-core标准旨在对其与现有会话语境关系注释框架的关系保持透明，但它也会与ISO 24617第2部分重叠，该部分是对话行为注释的ISO标准。其他会话语境关系涉及时间，其标注形式也是ISO 24617-1的一部分，也与ISO 24617的其他部分兼容。某些会话语境关系专门针对交互式（时间和事件）；仍然还有其他会话语境关系非常类似于某些谓词-论元关系（“语义角色”），其注释是ISO 24617-4的主题。由于各部分需要形成一个一致的整体，本文件特别注意了会话语境关系标注与其他语义标注方案之间的相互作用（见第8章）。本文件不考虑全局、高层次的会话语境结构表示，这涉及将本地会话语境关系链接到一个或多个复合全局结构。 [外文原描述]： ISO 24617-8:2016 establishes the representation and annotation of local, "low-level" discourse relations between situations mentioned in discourse, where each relation is annotated independently of other relations in the same discourse. ISO 24617-8:2016 provides a basis for annotating discourse relations by specifying a set of core discourse relations, many of which have similar definitions in different frameworks. To the extent possible, this document provides mappings of the semantics across the different frameworks. ISO 24617-8:2016 is applicable to two different situations: - for annotating discourse relations in natural language corpora; - as a target representation of automatic methods for shallow discourse parsing, for summarization, and for other applications. The objectives of this specification are to provide: - a reference set of data categories that define a collection of discourse relation types with an explicit semantics; - a pivot representation based on a framework for defining discourse relations that can facilitate mapping between different frameworks; - a basis for developing guidelines for creating new resources that will be immediately interoperable with pre-existing resources. With respect to discourse structure, the limitation of this document to specifications for annotating local, "low-level" discourse relations is based on the view that (a) the analysis at this level is what is well understood and can be clearly defined; (b) further extensions to represent higher-level, global discourse structure is possible where desired; and (c) that it allows for the resulting annotations to be compatible across frameworks, even when they are based on different theories of discourse structure. As a part of the ISO 24617 semantic annotation framework ("SemAF"), the present DR-core standard aims to be transparent in its relation to existing frameworks for discourse relation annotation, but also to be compatible with other ISO 24617 parts. Some discourse relations are specific to interactive discourse, and give rise to an overlap with ISO 24617 Part 2, the ISO standard for dialogue act annotation. Other discourse relations relate to time, and their annotation forms part of ISO 24617‑1 (time and events); still other discourse relations are very similar to certain predicate-argument relations ("semantic roles"), whose annotation is the subject matter of ISO 24617‑4. Since the various parts are required to form a consistent whole, this document pays special attention to the interactions of discourse relation annotation and other semantic annotation schemes (see Clause 8). ISO 24617-8:2016 does not consider global, higher-level discourse structure representation which involves linking local discourse relations to form one or more composite global structures. ISO 24617-8:2016 is, moreover, restricted to strictly semantic relations, to the exclusion of, for example, presentational relations, which concern the way in which a text is presented to its readers or the way in which speakers structure their contributions in a spoken dialogue.