光学和电子学.光学数据的电子交换.第1部分:NODIF信息模型

[中文适用范围]： ISO 25297的这一部分规定了光学系统和部件的信息要求，并提供了信息模型，以支持使用具有CAD和CAE的计算机对这些光学系统和部件进行光学设计、光学评估和分析的过程。 注：通常，光学系统是指作为光学产品的、具有光学功能的光学单元，由光学元件和安装这些元件的镜筒组成。 在ISO 25297的这一部分中，光学系统是光学部件和光学组件的集合，例如叶片快门相机的取景器系统或拍摄镜头系统。 该信息模型添加了基于STEP到ISO 10303（所有部分）的光学设计规范特有的数据。 附加信息是产品规格信息、光学设计信息、光学评价信息和分析信息。 ISO 25297 的这一部分通常称为中性光学数据交换格式 (NODIF)。 以下内容属于范围内： ——有关产品规格、光学设计、光学评估和分析的信息； ——成像系统中的光学系统和部件，例如相机和复印机、望远镜和显微镜的观察系统以及其他光学系统，例如投影仪和拾取镜头； ——多配置光学系统，包括变焦镜头和内对焦系统； ——光路定义，包括光路序列和光学表面排列； ——光学组件，包括胶合部件和动态部件； ——光学表面形状的数学描述； ——衍射表面的描述； ——加工工艺名称，例如抛光、模制或复制； ——光学材料规格，例如材料名称、批号和测量的折射率； ——每个光学部件的形状和材料特性的光学公差； ——装配公差，如分离度、平行度、位移和倾斜度； ——有效直径、涂层和保护表面处理； ——近轴评估，例如焦距、后焦距、主点和光圈值； ——光线追踪评估，例如几何光线追踪结果（即每个表面上的光线方向和交点以及光路长度）、像差和波前像差； ——基于几何和/或物理光学的 OTF 评估； ——探测面或投影面上的照度分布； ——光谱特性； 1 — 鬼像评估； ——伴随光学表面变形和材料性能值变化的热分析； ——伴随光学表面变形和材料性能值变化的应力分析； ——遮盖眩光和表面缺陷。 以下内容不属于 ISO 25297 本部分的范围： ——机械设计、电子设计和嵌入式软件设计； ——光路可变的光学系统，例如分束器或可变放大倍率转换器； ——机械零件的公差； ——直径小于10倍光波长的部件； ——由介电常数 σ、介电常数 ε 和磁介电常数 µ 不受材料与光之间相互作用影响的材料制成的部件； ——产品设计、评估和分析产生的图形文件； ——光通信用光波导； ——有关市场研究和客户分析的产品规划信息； ——与设计、评估和分析无关的产品定义和配置控制信息； ——分析信息，热分析和应力分析除外，例如振动分析； ——试生产、生产过程（包括生产计划和生产控制）以及生产后的过程（例如装运和修理）的信息； ——眼科光学。 [外文原描述]： This part of ISO 25297 specifies the information requirements for optical systems and parts, and provides an information model to support the processes of optical design, optical evaluation and analysis for these optical systems and parts when using computers with CAD and CAE. NOTE Generally, an optical system means an optical unit as an optical product, which performs optical functions, and is composed of optical elements and the barrels in which these elements are mounted. In this part of ISO 25297, an optical system is a collection of optical parts and optical assemblies, e.g. the viewfinder system or the taking lens system of a leaf shutter camera. This information model adds the data peculiar to optical design specification based on STEP to ISO 10303 (all parts). The additional information is product specification information, optical design information, optical evaluation information and analysis information. This part of ISO 25297 is generically called the Neutral Optical Data Interchange Format (NODIF). The following are within the scope: — information on product specification, optical design, optical evaluation and analysis; — optical systems and parts in imaging systems, such as cameras and copiers, viewing systems for telescopes and microscopes and the other optical systems, such as projectors and pick-up lenses; — multiple-configuration optical systems, including zoom lenses and inner focusing systems; — optical path definition, including ray-path sequence and optical surface arrangement; — optical assemblies, including cemented parts and dynamic parts; — mathematical description of the optical surface form; — description of diffractive surfaces; — machining process designation, such as polishing, molding or replicating; — optical material specifications, such as material names, lot numbers and measured refractive indices; — optical tolerances for the shape and material property of each optical part; — assembly tolerances, such as separation, parallelism, displacement and tilt. — effective diameters, coatings and protective surface treatment; — paraxial evaluation, such as focal length, back focal length, principal points and f-number; — ray-tracing evaluation, such as geometrical ray-tracing results (i.e. ray directions and intersection points on each surface and optical path lengths), aberrations and wavefront aberration; — OTF evaluation based on geometrical and/or physical optics; — illuminance distribution on a detection surface or a projection surface; — spectral characteristics; — ghost image evaluation; — thermal analysis accompanying optical surface deformation and material property value change; — stress analysis accompanying optical surface deformation and material property value change; — veiling glare and surface imperfections. The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO 25297: — mechanical design, electronic design and embedded software design; — optical systems in which the optical path is changeable, e.g. beam splitters or variable magnification converters; — tolerances for mechanical parts; — parts with a diameter less than 10 times the wavelength of light; — parts made from materials whose dielectric constant, σ, electric permittivity, ε, and magnetic permittivity, μ , are uninfluenced by interaction between the materials and the light; — graphical documents resulting from design, evaluation and analysis of products; — optical wave guide for optical communications; — product planning information concerning market research and customer analysis; — product definition and configuration control information irrelevant to design, evaluation and analysis; — analysis information, except thermal and stress analysis, e.g. vibration analysis; — information on trial production, production process including production planning and production control, and processes after production, such as shipment and repair; — ophthalmic optics.