滚动轴承.额定动载荷和额定寿命

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准规定了相关 ISO 出版物所示尺寸范围内滚动轴承基本额定动载荷的计算方法，这些轴承由当代常用的优质淬硬轴承钢制造，符合良好制造实践并基本上采用常规设计关于滚动接触面的形状。 本文件还规定了基本额定寿命的计算方法，即与90%可靠性相关的寿命，采用常用的高质量材料、良好的制造质量和常规的操作条件。 此外，它还规定了修正额定寿命的计算方法，其中考虑了轴承的各种可靠性、润滑条件、润滑剂污染和疲劳载荷。 本国际标准不包括磨损、腐蚀和电蚀对轴承寿命的影响。 本文件不适用于滚动元件直接在轴或外壳表面上运行的设计，除非该表面在所有方面与其所取代的轴承套圈（或垫圈）滚道等效。 当本文件中提到双列向心轴承和双向推力轴承时，假定它们是对称的。 有关特定类型轴承的进一步限制包含在相关条款中。 [外文原描述]： ISO 281:2007 specifies methods of calculating the basic dynamic load rating of rolling bearings within the size ranges shown in the relevant ISO publications, manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, high quality hardened bearing steel, in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of rolling contact surfaces. ISO 281:2007 also specifies methods of calculating the basic rating life, which is the life associated with 90 % reliability, with commonly used high quality material, good manufacturing quality and with conventional operating conditions. In addition, it specifies methods of calculating the modified rating life, in which various reliabilities, lubrication condition, contaminated lubricant and fatigue load of the bearing are taken into account. ISO 281:2007 does not cover the influence of wear, corrosion and electrical erosion on bearing life. ISO 281:2007 is not applicable to designs where the rolling elements operate directly on a shaft or housing surface, unless that surface is equivalent in all respects to the bearing ring (or washer) raceway it replaces.