数据的统计解释.均值和方差的估计与检验方法

[中文适用范围]： 处理方差与给定值的比较、方差的估计、两个方差的比较、两个方差的比率的估计以及具有已知或未知方差的均值的相同过程。 当观测变量的分布呈正态时，对于样本量不太小的（至少 5 到 10），当分布与正态分布相差不大时，技术对于随机抽取且独立的样本元素是有效的。 示例中简要介绍了验证正态性假设的技术。 [外文原描述]： Comparison of a variance with a given value, estimation of a variance, comparison of two variances, estimation of the ratio of two variances, and the same procedures for a mean with known or unknown variance are dealt with. Techniques are valid for sample elements drawn at random and being independent, when the distribution of the observed variable is normal, for a sample size not too small (5 to 10 at least) approximately also when the distribution does not deviate very much from the normal. Techniques of verification of the hypothesis of normality are briefly dealt with in the examples.